{"id":1132,"date":"2025-10-08T10:36:49","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T08:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/lesson\/deficiencies-commonly-found-in-patients-with-mental-disorders\/"},"modified":"2025-12-28T10:17:15","modified_gmt":"2025-12-28T09:17:15","slug":"deficiencies-commonly-found-in-patients-with-mental-disorders","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/cs\/lesson\/deficiencies-commonly-found-in-patients-with-mental-disorders\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Nedostatky b\u011b\u017en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed u pacient\u016f s du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u010cast\u00e9 nutri\u010dn\u00ed nedostatky u psychiatrick\u00fdch pacient\u016f <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mechanismus vedouc\u00ed k nutri\u010dn\u00edm nedostatk\u016fm u pacient\u016f s du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nedostatek \u017eivin u pacient\u016f s du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami nen\u00ed d\u016fsledkem pouze nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 stravy, ale tak\u00e9 biologick\u00fdch mechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 naru\u0161uj\u00ed vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a metabolismus \u017eivin. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti si podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 s du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami \u010dasto trp\u00ed nedostatkem vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f, a jak\u00e9 procesy za t\u00edm stoj\u00ed (Zieli\u0144ska a kol., 2023; Onaolapo & Onaolapo, 2021; Rao a kol., 2008). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. Poruchy vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a metabolismu \u017eivin <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Absorpce \u017eivin je proces, kter\u00fdm st\u0159eva p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed vitam\u00edny, miner\u00e1ly a dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tky nezbytn\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bla. Po vst\u0159eb\u00e1n\u00ed jsou tyto \u017eiviny transportov\u00e1ny do r\u016fzn\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, kde pln\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 role \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad podporuj\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 funkce, reguluj\u00ed metabolismus a p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k produkci neurotransmiter\u016f. U jedinc\u016f s du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento proces naru\u0161en. Malabsorpce m\u016f\u017ee znamenat, \u017ee pacient konzumuje dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eivin, ale t\u011blo je nedok\u00e1\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b vst\u0159ebat. V d\u016fsledku toho se mohou objevit nedostatky, kter\u00e9 mohou zhor\u0161it p\u0159\u00edznaky du\u0161evn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny zhor\u0161en\u00e9ho vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a metabolismu \u017eivin u psychiatrick\u00fdch pacient\u016f: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Zm\u011bny st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiomy (dysbi\u00f3za); <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159ev \u2013 Z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159ev je nadm\u011brn\u00e1 aktivace imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e1 po\u0161kozuje st\u0159evn\u00ed v\u00fdstelku a zhor\u0161uje jej\u00ed absorp\u010dn\u00ed funkci.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Potravinov\u00e9 intolerance a autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (nap\u0159. celiakie); <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Poruchy v transportu \u017eivin do mozku. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my s absorpc\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    A. Intolerance lepku a celiakie u pacient\u016f se schizofreni\u00ed (Onaolapo & Onaolapo 2021): <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Celiakie je autoimunitn\u00ed<\/strong> onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m konzumace lepku (b\u00edlkoviny nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v p\u0161enici, \u017eitu a je\u010dmeni) spou\u0161t\u00ed imunitn\u00ed reakci, kter\u00e1 po\u0161kozuje klky v tenk\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b. Tyto klky jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin, tak\u017ee jejich po\u0161kozen\u00ed vede k nedostatku \u017eeleza, zinku, v\u00e1pn\u00edku, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, vitam\u00edn\u016f skupiny B a vitam\u00ednu D. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Intolerance lepku<\/strong> je m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stav, kdy lepek zp\u016fsobuje z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 reakce ve st\u0159evech, ale nevede k trval\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed klk\u016f. Chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le omezovat vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje riziko nutri\u010dn\u00edch nedostatk\u016f. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
        \n

        Chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na ve st\u0159evech, m\u016f\u017ee negativn\u011b ovlivnit schopnost t\u011bla vst\u0159eb\u00e1vat \u017eiviny. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny z\u00e1n\u011btu (Onaolapo & Onaolapo 2021): <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 propustnost st\u0159ev (tzv. \u201epropustn\u00e9 st\u0159evo\u201c), co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u017eiviny nejsou spr\u00e1vn\u011b vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1ny a \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky mohou pronikat do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu a vyvol\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 reakce; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Zhor\u0161en\u00e1 produkce tr\u00e1vic\u00edch enzym\u016f, co\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu tr\u00e1ven\u00ed a vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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            <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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            B. Poruchy st\u0159evn\u00edho mikrobiomu (dysbi\u00f3za<\/strong>) u pacient\u016f s depres\u00ed a schizofreni\u00ed <\/strong>St\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom \u2013 soubor bakteri\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edm traktu \u2013 hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v du\u0161evn\u00edm zdrav\u00ed a metabolismu \u017eivin. U pacient\u016f s du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami se \u010dasto pozoruj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 hladiny prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed<\/strong>: st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie podporuj\u00ed produkci n\u011bkter\u00fdch vitam\u00edn\u016f, jako je vitam\u00edn K, biotin a kyselina listov\u00e1 (B9). Nedostatek t\u011bchto \u017eivin m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it metabolismus neurotransmiter\u016f, jako je serotonin a dopamin, a zv\u00fd\u0161it tak riziko deprese a \u00fazkostn\u00fdch poruch. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed<\/strong>: n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 bakterie mohou zp\u016fsobit chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt, po\u0161kodit st\u0159evn\u00ed v\u00fdstelku a oslabit schopnost t\u011bla vst\u0159eb\u00e1vat \u017eiviny, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zhor\u0161it p\u0159\u00edznaky du\u0161evn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (Onaolapo & Onaolapo 2021). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                \n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                C. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny homocysteinu u pacient\u016f se schizofreni\u00ed <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • Homocystein<\/strong> je aminokyselina produkovan\u00e1 b\u011bhem metabolismu b\u00edlkovin. Vysok\u00e9 hladiny homocysteinu jsou spojeny se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikem srde\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a neurologick\u00fdch poruch. Pacienti s depres\u00ed a schizofreni\u00ed \u010dasto vykazuj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny homocysteinu, co\u017e nazna\u010duje nedostatek vitam\u00edn\u016f B6, B9 a B12 \u2013 v\u0161echny jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro neutralizaci homocysteinu. Nadbytek homocysteinu m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kozovat c\u00e9vy v mozku, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje riziko poruch n\u00e1lady, probl\u00e9m\u016f s pam\u011bt\u00ed a zhor\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f schizofrenie (Onaolapo & Onaolapo 2021). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                  2. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na \u017eiviny<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Jedinci trp\u00edc\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00edmi chorobami maj\u00ed \u010dasto vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nutri\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1roky ne\u017e zdrav\u00ed jedinci. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno n\u011bkolika faktory, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  1. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny stresov\u00fdch hormon\u016f, jako je kortizol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 rychlost metabolismu mozku.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  3. The impact of psychotropic medications on nutrient balance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  4. Chronick\u00e1 \u00fanava a nedostatky zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u0161patnou stravou.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  5. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 aktivita a oxida\u010dn\u00ed stres. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                    \n

                    Tyto faktory znamenaj\u00ed, \u017ee psychiatricky laboratorn\u00ed pacienti mohou pot\u0159ebovat v\u00edce vitam\u00edn\u016f, miner\u00e1l\u016f a omega-3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin ne\u017e zdrav\u00ed jedinci, aby si udr\u017eeli spr\u00e1vnou funkci mozku a nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (Onaolapo & Onaolapo 2021). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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                    Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 aktivita a oxida\u010dn\u00ed stres<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    • Celiakie<\/strong> je autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m konzumace lepku (b\u00edlkoviny nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v p\u0161enici, \u017eitu a je\u010dmeni) spou\u0161t\u00ed imunitn\u00ed reaktivitu. Oxida\u010dn\u00ed stres je stav, kdy je v t\u011ble nadbytek voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f \u2013 reaktivn\u00edch molekul, kter\u00e9 mohou po\u0161kozovat bu\u0148ky, v\u010detn\u011b neuron\u016f v mozku. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • V\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee jedinci trp\u00edc\u00ed schizofreni\u00ed, depres\u00ed a bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed poruchou maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hladiny oxida\u010dn\u00edho stresu, co\u017e vede k po\u0161kozen\u00ed neuron\u016f a zhor\u0161en\u00ed kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Mozek je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00fd na \u00fa\u010dinky voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f, proto\u017ee spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kysl\u00edku a obsahuje vysok\u00e9 koncentrace polynenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k oxidaci. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                      \n

                      Kter\u00e9 \u017eiviny pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v boji proti oxida\u010dn\u00edmu stresu?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      • Antioxida\u010dn\u00ed vitam\u00edny (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-karoten) \u2013 neutralizuj\u00ed voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly a chr\u00e1n\u00ed neurony p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm.<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • Zinek a selen \u2013 podporuj\u00ed aktivitu antioxida\u010dn\u00edch enzym\u016f, jako je superoxiddismut\u00e1za, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • Omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny \u2013 sni\u017euj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt v mozku a podporuj\u00ed regeneraci neuron\u016f (Onaolapo & Onaolapo, 2021).<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                            \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\"Close-up\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t
                            <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                            \n\t\t\t\t\tZinc and selenium \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                            \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\"Sardines\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t
                            <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                            \n\t\t\t\t\tOmega-3 fatty acids\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                            \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\"Carrot\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t
                            <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                            \n\t\t\t\t\tAntioxidant vitamins \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                            \n\n\n\n
                            \n
                            \n
                            \n
                            \n

                            Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny stresov\u00fdch hormon\u016f, jako je kortizol<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \n
                            • Kortizol<\/strong> je stresov\u00fd hormon, kter\u00fd je v dostate\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed nezbytn\u00fd pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bla, ale chronicky zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny kortizolu mohou v\u00e9st k du\u0161evn\u00edm poruch\u00e1m, jako je deprese a \u00fazkost (Zieli\u0144ska et al., 2023). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              • Vysok\u00e9 hladiny kortizolu mohou v\u00e9st k:<\/strong>
                                \u2714 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro funkci nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu;
                                \u2714 v\u00e9st k nedostatku vitam\u00edn\u016f skupiny B, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro produkci neurotransmiter\u016f, jako je serotonin;
                                \u2714 naru\u0161it rovnov\u00e1hu v\u00e1pn\u00edku a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zhor\u0161it p\u0159\u00edznaky \u00fazkosti a podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnosti (Zieli\u0144ska a kol., 2023) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                                  \n
                                • Kter\u00e9 \u017eiviny pom\u00e1haj\u00ed regulovat hladinu kortizolu? <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk \u2013 m\u00e1 uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek na nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a sni\u017euje dopad chronick\u00e9ho stresu. <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • Vitam\u00edny skupiny B (B6, B9, B12) \u2013 podporuj\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed regulovat hladinu kortizolu. <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • Omega-3 fatty acids \u2013 may lower cortisol levels and improve stress resilience (Zieli\u0144ska et al., 2023). <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                                  \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\"Close-up\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t
                                  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                                  \n\t\t\t\t\tOmega 3\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                                  \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\"An\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t
                                  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                                  \n\t\t\t\t\tB vitamins\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                                  \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\"beans,\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t
                                  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                                  \n\t\t\t\t\tMagnesium\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
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                                  \n

                                  Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd metabolismus mozku a energetick\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    \n
                                  • Mozek spot\u0159ebuje asi 20 % celkov\u00e9 energie t\u011bla, ale u jedinc\u016f s du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce energie a \u017eivin. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • U deprese a schizofrenie je metabolismus gluk\u00f3zy \u010dasto naru\u0161en, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mozkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky mohou m\u00edt pot\u00ed\u017ee se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm energie. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k:
                                    \u2714 zhor\u0161en\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed funkci (probl\u00e9my s pam\u011bt\u00ed a koncentrac\u00ed);
                                    \u2714 n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1lad\u011b a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnosti;
                                    \u2714 naru\u0161en\u00e9 produkci neurotransmiter\u016f (Onaolapo & Onaolapo, 2021). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n

                                    Kter\u00e9 \u017eiviny podporuj\u00ed metabolismus mozku?
                                    \u2714 Omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny \u2013 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed energii a podporuj\u00ed membr\u00e1ny neuron\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011bk.
                                    \u2714 Koenzym Q10 \u2013 podporuje produkci energie v mitochondri\u00edch, \u201eelektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch\u201c mozkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk.
                                    \u2714 Vitam\u00edny skupiny B \u2013 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat gluk\u00f3zu na energii (Onaolapo a Onaolapo, 2021). <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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                                    \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\"A\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t
                                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                                    \n\t\t\t\t\tCoenzyme Q10\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                                    \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\"Close-up\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t
                                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                                    \n\t\t\t\t\tOmega 3\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                                    \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\"Close-up\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t
                                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                                    \n\t\t\t\t\tB vitamin\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    \n
                                    \n
                                    \n

                                    3. Ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky psychotropn\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f a nedostatek \u017eivin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    Psychotropn\u00ed l\u00e9ky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b stav\u016f, jako je schizofrenie, deprese, bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed porucha a \u00fazkost, jsou pro terapii nezbytn\u00e9, ale mohou v\u00e9st k nedostatku \u017eivin prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u011bkolika mechanism\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    \u2022 zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f;
                                    \u2022 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin;
                                    \u2022 metabolick\u00e9 zm\u011bny vedouc\u00ed k inzul\u00ednov\u00e9 rezistenci a obezit\u011b;
                                    \u2022 vliv na chu\u0165 k j\u00eddlu, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek nespr\u00e1vnou v\u00fd\u017eivu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                    \n

                                    Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto mechanism\u016f m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit nedostatky, kter\u00e9 mohou oslabit \u00fa\u010dinnost psychiatrick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby a negativn\u011b ovlivnit kvalitu \u017eivota klienta\/pacienta. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                    \n
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                                    \n

                                    Kter\u00e9 \u017eiviny mohou b\u00fdt vy\u010derp\u00e1ny v d\u016fsledku u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed psychotropn\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    <\/strong>\u2714 Antipsychotika (pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 p\u0159i schizofrenii a bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed poru\u0161e). N\u011bkter\u00e1 z nich: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    Naru\u0161it metabolismus gluk\u00f3zy a inzul\u00ednu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \n
                                    • D\u016fsledky<\/strong>: M\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k inzul\u00ednov\u00e9 rezistenci, cukrovce 2. typu a obezit\u011b. Inzul\u00ednov\u00e1 rezistence m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit chronickou \u00fanavu, probl\u00e9my s koncentrac\u00ed a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko deprese. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • Impact on nutrients: \n
                                        \n
                                      • ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hladiny ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, kter\u00fd je nezbytn\u00fd pro regulaci hladiny gluk\u00f3zy v krvi a spr\u00e1vnou funkci nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu; <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • sni\u017euj\u00ed citlivost na leptin, co\u017e vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 chuti k j\u00eddlu a nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edjmu zpracovan\u00fdch sacharid\u016f (Onaolapo & Onaolapo, 2021). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • Zvy\u0161te vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • Ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed hladiny zinku a selenu, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro funkci imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a neuroprotektivn\u00ed procesy. Nedostatek zinku m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00e1chylnost k depres\u00edm a zhor\u0161it pam\u011b\u0165. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • Vitamin B12 \u2013 dlouhodob\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch antipsychotik m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k jeho nedostatku, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit \u00fanavu, probl\u00e9my s koncentrac\u00ed a zhor\u0161en\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed funkce (Rao a kol., 2008). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                        \n

                                        M\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit nedostatek antioxidant\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          \n
                                        • Vitam\u00edny C a E \u2013 pacienti u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed antipsychotika vykazuj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd oxida\u010dn\u00ed stres, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje popt\u00e1vku po t\u011bchto vitam\u00ednech. Nedostatek m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k urychlen\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed neuron\u016f (Onaolapo & Onaolapo, 2021). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                          \u2714 Antidepresiva (SSRI, SNRI, tricyklick\u00e1 antidepresiva). N\u011bkter\u00e1 z nich mohou: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          Ovliv\u0148uje metabolismus serotoninu a rovnov\u00e1hu \u017eivin<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            \n
                                          • D\u016fsledky: Dlouhodob\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antidepresiv m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit rovnov\u00e1hu neurotransmiter\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161it popt\u00e1vku po \u017eivin\u00e1ch zapojen\u00fdch do jejich synt\u00e9zy. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                              \n
                                            • Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hladiny zinku a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku \u2013 oba prvky jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro regulaci n\u00e1lady a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazkosti. Jejich nedostatek m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit chronickou \u00fanavu a neklid (Rao a kol., 2008). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                \n
                                              • Sni\u017ete hladinu vitaminu B6, kter\u00fd je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro synt\u00e9zu serotoninu (\u201ehormonu \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed\u201c). Nedostatek tohoto vitaminu m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00fa\u010dinnost l\u00e9\u010dby deprese. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                Naru\u0161it st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \n
                                                • Serotonin se produkuje nejen v mozku, ale tak\u00e9 ve st\u0159ev\u011b. L\u00e9ky ze skupiny SSRI mohou zm\u011bnit slo\u017een\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobioty, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit schopnost t\u011bla syntetizovat neurotransmitery (Onaolapo & Onaolapo, 2021). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \u2714 Lithium pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed poru\u0161e. Lithium m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  Elektrolytick\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • D\u016fsledky: Lithium ovliv\u0148uje hladinu v\u00e1pn\u00edku, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku a sod\u00edku v t\u011ble. M\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k dysfunkci \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy a ledvin, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zhor\u0161it du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed pacienta (Rao a kol., 2008). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                    Nedostatky \u017eivin. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • M\u016f\u017ee sni\u017eovat hladinu j\u00f3du, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje riziko probl\u00e9m\u016f se \u0161t\u00edtnou \u017el\u00e1zou a zpomaluje metabolismus. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                        \n
                                                      • M\u016f\u017ee sni\u017eovat hladinu vitaminu B12, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u00fanav\u011b a neuropati\u00edm. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                                        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                        4. \u0160patn\u00e9 stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky a \u017eivotn\u00ed styl<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        Z\u00e1padn\u00ed strava \u2013 n\u00edzk\u00fd obsah \u017eivin. Strava bohat\u00e1 na rychl\u00e9 ob\u010derstven\u00ed, jednoduch\u00e9 cukry a trans-tuky m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nedostatku \u017eivin a z\u00e1n\u011bt\u016fm, kter\u00e9 negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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                                                        Shrnut\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        Nedostatek \u017eivin u pacient\u016f s du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami je d\u016fsledkem \u0159ady mechanism\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b zhor\u0161en\u00e9 absorpce, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch nutri\u010dn\u00edch pot\u0159eb, vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f l\u00e9k\u016f a \u0161patn\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f. Odborn\u00e1 dietn\u00ed podpora a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed nutri\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n mohou doplnit farmakologickou terapii a zlep\u0161it kvalitu \u017eivota pacient\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                                        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                        INTERAKTIVN\u00cd AKTIVITA 28<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n