{"id":1137,"date":"2025-10-17T12:46:14","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T10:46:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/lesson\/1-identifydentify-the-stages-of-behavioural-change-analyse-ambivalence-and-use-communication\/"},"modified":"2026-01-14T10:19:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T09:19:55","slug":"moodbites-training-module5-lesson1","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/cs\/lesson\/moodbites-training-module5-lesson1\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Identifikace f\u00e1z\u00ed zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed, anal\u00fdza ambivalence a vyu\u017eit\u00ed komunikace"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"sensei-content-description has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-a871e25598ff168985a7d42f3a5bc75d wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e\"><strong>1.1 Modely zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zm\u011bna stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f je slo\u017eit\u00fd proces ovlivn\u011bn\u00fd mnoha psychologick\u00fdmi, soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi a kognitivn\u00edmi faktory. \u00da\u010dinnost nutri\u010dn\u00edch intervenc\u00ed nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 pouze ve zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed o zdrav\u00e9m stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale vy\u017eaduje zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti klienta na zm\u011bnu a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edch metod jeho individu\u00e1ln\u00edm mo\u017enostem a omezen\u00edm. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edstupy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na teori\u00edch a modelech zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed intervenc\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u00e1m klienta.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tato \u010d\u00e1st modulu pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o Transteoretick\u00e9m modelu zm\u011bny (TTM) od Prochasky a DiClementeho, kter\u00fd popisuje proces zm\u011bny jako sled f\u00e1z\u00ed: prekontemplace, kontemplace, rozhodnut\u00ed, realizace, udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a relaps. Pochopen\u00ed toho, v jak\u00e9 f\u00e1zi se klient nach\u00e1z\u00ed, umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed terapeutick\u00fdch a eduka\u010dn\u00edch aktivit.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dal\u0161\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00e9mu se modul v\u011bnuje, je Motiva\u010dn\u00ed rozhovor (MI) \u2013 komunika\u010dn\u00ed metoda zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na pos\u00edlen\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed motivace klienta prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm empatick\u00e9ho naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed, formulov\u00e1n\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek, parafr\u00e1zov\u00e1n\u00ed a shrnut\u00ed. Techniky MI, jako jsou OARS, stejn\u011b jako koncepty DARNCATS, tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro \u00fa\u010dinnou podporu rozhodnut\u00ed klienta zm\u011bnit stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost je v\u011bnov\u00e1na tak\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho obsahu kognitivn\u00ed a motiva\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovni klienta, co\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s lidmi trp\u00edc\u00edmi poruchami du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed emo\u010dn\u00edch a kognitivn\u00edch bari\u00e9r v procesu z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed o strav\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje realisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed intervenc\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke zm\u011bn\u011b chov\u00e1n\u00ed, zalo\u017een\u00fd na teorii, motivaci a individualizovan\u00e9 komunikaci, tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad efektivn\u00ed nutri\u010dn\u00ed poradensk\u00e9 praxe. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-aa5fffc1 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c216e0cb01fdbea6b497c03ec46da3ad wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong><em>Transteoretick\u00fd model Prochasky a DiClementeho<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Transteoretick\u00fd model zm\u011bny (TTM), vyvinut\u00fd psychology Jamesem Prochaskou a Carlem DiClementem, popisuje proces, kter\u00fdm lid\u00e9 proch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zm\u011bn ve sv\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento model se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u0161esti f\u00e1z\u00ed:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-db5826f2 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-1f6a088d\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. <strong>Prekontemplace &#8211; absence uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong> \u010clov\u011bk si nen\u00ed v\u011bdom probl\u00e9mu nebo jej nepova\u017euje za v\u00fdznamn\u00fd. Nem\u00e1 v \u00famyslu v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-0e6498ec\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-690d31a7\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>P\u0159\u00edklad klienta:<\/em> <\/strong><strong>Jan, 45let\u00fd mu\u017e trp\u00edc\u00ed depres\u00ed, konzumuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ultra zpracovan\u00fdch potravin a nevn\u00edm\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou souvislost mezi svou stravou a svou pohodou. Neuva\u017euje o zm\u011bn\u011b sv\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-7b424414 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-7bfad7b3\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. <strong>Kontemplace &#8211; uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong> \u010clov\u011bk si za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 uv\u011bdomovat probl\u00e9m a zva\u017euje zm\u011bnu, ale st\u00e1le v\u00e1h\u00e1 a zva\u017euje pro a proti. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-a737613a\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-cb8bab32\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>P\u0159\u00edklad klienta:<\/em> Anna, 30let\u00e1 \u017eena s \u00fazkostn\u00fdmi poruchami, si v\u0161imla, \u017ee jej\u00ed strava zalo\u017een\u00e1 na rychl\u00e9m ob\u010derstven\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee ovliv\u0148ovat jej\u00ed n\u00e1ladu. Uva\u017euje o zm\u011bn\u011b sv\u00fdch n\u00e1vyk\u016f, ale ob\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee zdrav\u00e9 va\u0159en\u00ed bude p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. <\/strong>  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b977f388 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-44b0ba94\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. <strong>P\u0159\u00edprava &#8211; rozhodnut\u00ed:<\/strong> \u010clov\u011bk se rozhodl pro zm\u011bnu a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pl\u00e1novat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed akce, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt podniknuty v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-c805eccd\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-7fc5b493\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>P\u0159\u00edklad klienta<\/em>: Marek, 50let\u00fd mu\u017e s bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed poruchou, se rozhodl pro zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stravu. Hled\u00e1 recepty a pl\u00e1nuje nakupovat zdrav\u00e9 potraviny. <\/strong>  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-c142a801 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-361e5a55\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. <strong>Akce &#8211; realizace:<\/strong> \u010clov\u011bk aktivn\u011b implementuje zm\u011bny ve sv\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed, zapojuje do sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota nov\u00e9, zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vyky. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b500a3fb\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-6532fbf0\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>P\u0159\u00edklad klienta: <\/em>Kl\u00e1ra, 25let\u00e1 studentka s anorexi\u00ed, za\u010dala pravideln\u011b j\u00edst vyv\u00e1\u017eenou stravu a vyh\u00fdbat se restriktivn\u00edm diet\u00e1m.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-eccdfcec alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-2cefa03f\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. <strong>Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> \u010clov\u011bk pokra\u010duje v nov\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed po del\u0161\u00ed dobu a sna\u017e\u00ed se zabr\u00e1nit op\u011btovn\u00e9mu n\u00e1vratu ke star\u00fdm n\u00e1vyk\u016fm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-73cbd213\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-5cd8f307\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>P\u0159\u00edklad klienta:<\/em><\/strong> <strong>Tom\u00e1\u0161, 40let\u00fd mu\u017e s obsedantn\u011b-kompulzivn\u00ed poruchou, se zdrav\u011b stravuje po dobu \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, a to i p\u0159es stresov\u00e9 situace v pr\u00e1ci.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f7ab9a83 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-377df1dd\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. <strong>Relaps &#8211; recidiva: <\/strong>N\u00e1vrat k p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu, nezdrav\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st procesu zm\u011bny, po kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk obvykle znovu proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi f\u00e1zemi. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-e6cd6776\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-547a5c73\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>P\u0159\u00edklad klientky:<\/em><\/strong> <strong>Eva, 35let\u00e1 \u017eena s depres\u00ed, se po t\u0159ech m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch zdrav\u00e9ho stravov\u00e1n\u00ed vr\u00e1tila k nadm\u011brn\u00e9 konzumaci sladkost\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v obdob\u00edch \u0161patn\u00e9 n\u00e1lady.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transteoretick\u00fd model zm\u011bny (TTM) zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee zm\u011bna chov\u00e1n\u00ed je proces, ve kter\u00e9m mohou lid\u00e9 proj\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00fdmi f\u00e1zemi n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t, ne\u017e dos\u00e1hnou trval\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto f\u00e1z\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed podporu klient\u016f v procesu zm\u011bny p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm intervenc\u00ed jejich sou\u010dasn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Transteoretick\u00fd model zm\u011bny v praxi<\/em><\/strong><br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt model Prochasky a DiClementeho (Transtheoretical Model of Change, TTM) jako praktick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro podporu lid\u00ed s du\u0161evn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm v procesu zm\u011bny \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ijet\u00edm zdrav\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy, zlep\u0161en\u00edm sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 hygieny nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm aspektem tohoto modelu je individualizovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup \u2013 tedy p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed akc\u00ed f\u00e1zi, ve kter\u00e9 se klient pr\u00e1v\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f84303c8 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-2378affa\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Prekontemplace \u2013 budov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed a d\u016fv\u011bry<br>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi klient nevid\u00ed souvislost mezi sv\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm a obt\u00ed\u017eemi, kter\u00e9 pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad si nemus\u00ed uv\u011bdomovat vliv sv\u00e9 stravy na sv\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee se tak\u00e9 c\u00edtit skl\u00ed\u010den\u00fd \u010di p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00fd nebo postr\u00e1dat d\u016fv\u011bru, \u017ee by zm\u011bna mohla p\u0159in\u00e9st n\u011bjak\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-209ca7cf\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Role soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pracovn\u00edka: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Budov\u00e1n\u00ed vztahu a pocitu bezpe\u010d\u00ed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nen\u00e1siln\u011b prozkoum\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9matu bez n\u00e1tlaku. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed obzor\u016f klienta. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00edlem nen\u00ed prosazovat zm\u011bnu, ale budovat vztah a d\u016fv\u011bru a rozv\u00edjet ambivalentn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se soud\u016fm a tlaku \u2013 c\u00edlem nen\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit klienta ke zm\u011bn\u011b, ale zas\u00edt \u201esem\u00ednko reflexe\u201c. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-96bbe7f6\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad dialogu<\/strong> <br><strong>Kontext: Klient \u2013 \u200b\u200bJan, 45 let, pot\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se s depres\u00ed. B\u011bhem n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy si st\u011b\u017euje na chronickou \u00fanavu a nedostatek energie. O strav\u011b se s\u00e1m nezmi\u0148uje.  <\/strong> <br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8220; Jane, dnes jste zm\u00ednil, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00edte neust\u00e1le unaven\u00fd a bez energie. V\u0161iml jste si n\u011bjak\u00fdch dn\u016f, kdy je ta \u00fanava o n\u011bco men\u0161\u00ed?&#8220;<\/strong> <br><strong>Jan: &#8222;M\u00e1lokdy. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1d stejn\u011b \u2013 vy\u010derpan\u00fd. V\u0161echno je to kv\u016fli depresi&#8220;<\/strong> <br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice:<br> &#8222;Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, to je zcela pochopiteln\u00e9. Deprese m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt opravdu velmi vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed. Jen tak ze zv\u011bdavosti \u2013 v\u011bnujete pozornost tomu, co b\u011bhem dne j\u00edte?&#8220;<\/strong> <br><strong>Jan: &#8222;Ani ne. R\u00e1no je to v\u011bt\u0161inou jen k\u00e1va, pak n\u011bco rychl\u00e9ho jako rohl\u00edk nebo kebab. Ve\u010der chipsy nebo n\u011bco z mikrovlnky.&#8220;<\/strong> <br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;D\u011bkuji v\u00e1m za sd\u00edlen\u00ed. Nesoud\u00edm, jen p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm&#8230; N\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee strava ovlivnit na\u0161i hladinu energie a to, jak se c\u00edt\u00edme. Zaj\u00edmalo by m\u011b, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel jste n\u011bkdy o takov\u00e9 souvislosti?&#8220;<\/strong> <br><strong>Jan: &#8222;Up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b? Ne. Nemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee by to n\u011bco zm\u011bnilo. Krom\u011b toho nem\u00e1m energii na va\u0159en\u00ed.&#8220;<\/strong> <br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;To je tak\u00e9 zcela pochopiteln\u00e9 \u2013 va\u0159en\u00ed vy\u017eaduje energii, a to je p\u0159esn\u011b to, co v\u00e1m chyb\u00ed. N\u011bkdy v\u0161ak i mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny mohou znamenat nepatrn\u00fd rozd\u00edl. Nemus\u00edme hned nic d\u011blat \u2013 m\u016f\u017eeme jednodu\u0161e prozkoumat t\u00e9ma spole\u010dn\u011b, pokud se na to budete c\u00edtit.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-44f5054f alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-70b3fa4e\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Kontemplace <\/strong>\u2013 podpora rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed<br>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi si klient za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 uv\u011bdomovat souvislost mezi sv\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm a probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161ak v\u00e1hav\u00fd \u2013 vid\u00ed jak potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody, tak i obavy spojen\u00e9 se zm\u011bnou. Jedn\u00e1 se o f\u00e1zi ambivalence, vnit\u0159n\u00edho konfliktu a pocitu \u201ezaseknut\u00ed\u201c.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3661962a\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Role soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pracovn\u00edka: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pos\u00edlen\u00ed motivace klienta. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed ambivalence a jej\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed jako p\u0159irozen\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti procesu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pomoc klientovi prozkoumat v\u00fdhody i v\u00fdzvy zm\u011bny. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pro klienta, aby se zamyslel nad sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi schopnostmi a d\u016fkladn\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e1 diskuse o jeho obav\u00e1ch a nejistot\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-46768bb1\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad dialogu:<br>Kontext: Marek, 50 let, s bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed poruchou. Rozhodl se pro zm\u011bnu a hled\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kroky.<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Zm\u00ednil jste, \u017ee byste r\u00e1d omezil slazen\u00e9 n\u00e1poje a zkusil j\u00edst v\u00edce zeleniny. Kdy si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee byste cht\u011bl za\u010d\u00edt?&#8220;<br>Marek: &#8222;Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee od pond\u011bl\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si koup\u00edm k sn\u00eddani n\u011bjakou \u010derstv\u011b vyma\u010dkanou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu a sal\u00e1t.&#8220;<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;To je skv\u011bl\u00fd pl\u00e1n! Pot\u0159ebujete n\u011bjakou podporu? Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom mohli d\u00e1t dohromady n\u00e1kupn\u00ed seznam?&#8220;<br>Marek: &#8222;To by bylo super. N\u011bkdy se toul\u00e1m po obchod\u011b a nakonec si koup\u00edm stejn\u00e9 v\u011bci jako v\u017edycky.&#8220;<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Rozhodn\u011b! M\u016f\u017eeme si napl\u00e1novat i 2\u20133 rychl\u00e9 recepty, kter\u00e9 nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho energie. C\u00edlem je, aby to bylo provediteln\u00e9, ne dokonal\u00e9.&#8220;<\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Koment\u00e1\u0159 k dialogu:<\/strong><br>V tomto dialogu soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>zkoum\u00e1 a potvrzuje klient\u010dinu ambivalenci a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 j\u00ed ji pojmenovat \u2013 ukazuje, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bnu cht\u00edt a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se j\u00ed b\u00e1t, <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00falohu sladkost\u00ed jako mechanismu zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e aby je r\u00e1movala jako n\u011bco &#8222;\u0161patn\u00e9ho&#8220;, <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>povzbuzuje k hled\u00e1n\u00ed alternativ, ani\u017e by byly zleh\u010dov\u00e1ny st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strategie klientky, <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jazyk, kter\u00fd je zv\u00eddav\u00fd a podp\u016frn\u00fd, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prostor pro pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed konverzaci o zm\u011bn\u011b. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Ambivalence \u2013 vnit\u0159n\u00ed konflikt ohledn\u011b zm\u011bny<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch psychologick\u00fdch jev\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se zm\u011bnou p\u0159\u00edstupu ke zdrav\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f \u2013 je ambivalence. Je to p\u0159irozen\u00fd stav vnit\u0159n\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk vid\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy zm\u011bny, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se j\u00ed boj\u00ed nebo rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00e9 ho brzd\u00ed.  <br><br>Ambivalence nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mkou nedostatku motivace. Naopak \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuje u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e o zm\u011bn\u011b za\u010dali uva\u017eovat, ale je\u0161t\u011b nejsou p\u0159ipraveni se k n\u00ed pln\u011b zav\u00e1zat. P\u0159edstavuje nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi touhou po zlep\u0161en\u00ed a lp\u011bn\u00edm na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch. Klient s nadv\u00e1hou m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159\u00edkat, \u017ee chce j\u00edst zdrav\u011bji, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se ob\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee nezvl\u00e1dne pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00eddla nebo se nevzd\u00e1 pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed z j\u00eddla.   <br><br>Ambivalence vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e nov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje nejistotu, \u00fasil\u00ed nebo pot\u0159ebu opustit n\u011bco zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho. Na\u0161e mysl automaticky vyhodnocuje rizika, pohodl\u00ed, emoce a minul\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Lid\u00e9 s histori\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00edzk\u00fdm sebev\u011bdom\u00edm nebo chronick\u00fdm stresem mohou ambivalenci poci\u0165ovat intenzivn\u011bji a d\u00e9le.   <br><br>Vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se s ambivalenc\u00ed neznamen\u00e1 &#8222;prolomit&#8220; ji silou. \u00da\u010dinnou strategi\u00ed je pomoci prozkoumat ob\u011b strany konfliktu a respektovat klientova rozhodnut\u00ed a tempo. N\u00e1stroje jako je motiva\u010dn\u00ed rozhovor umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vznik tzv. \u201eprohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b \u201e\u2013 v\u00fdrok\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch klient vyjad\u0159uje sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed d\u016fvody, p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed, pot\u0159eby a p\u0159ipravenost jednat.   <br><br>\u00dalohou odborn\u00edka nen\u00ed pacienta \u201ep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat\u201c, ale vytvo\u0159it prostor pro reflexi \u2013 kde si \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee i kdy\u017e zm\u011bna m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e9st skute\u010dnou \u00falevu, lep\u0161\u00ed zdrav\u00ed nebo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed samostatnost. Pr\u00e1ce s ambivalenc\u00ed je \u010dasto prvn\u00edm a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm krokem k trval\u00e9 a z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-cc62175b alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-5926c826\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>3. P\u0159\u00edprava<\/strong> \u2013 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f<\/em><br>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se klient rozhodl pro zm\u011bnu a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 s p\u0159\u00edpravou konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch krok\u016f. M\u016f\u017ee pot\u0159ebovat podporu s pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm, organizac\u00ed, posouzen\u00edm sv\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed a identifikac\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-7b7ffa06\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Role soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pracovn\u00edka: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spole\u010dn\u00e9 vytvro\u0159en\u00ed ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Posilov\u00e1n\u00ed klientova pocitu samostatnosti. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pomoc se stanoven\u00edm realistick\u00fdch, mal\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Propojen\u00ed klienta s dal\u0161\u00edmi zdroji (nap\u0159. podp\u016frn\u00e9 skupiny, nutri\u010dn\u00ed terapeut). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-467b2779\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad dialogu:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kontext: Marek, 50 let, s bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed poruchou. Rozhodl se pro zm\u011bnu a hled\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kroky. <\/strong> <br><br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Zm\u00ednil jste, \u017ee byste r\u00e1d omezil slazen\u00e9 n\u00e1poje a zkusil j\u00edst v\u00edce zeleniny. Kdy si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee byste cht\u011bl za\u010d\u00edt?&#8220;<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Marek: &#8222;Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee od pond\u011bl\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si koup\u00edm k sn\u00eddani n\u011bjakou \u010derstv\u011b vyma\u010dkanou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu a sal\u00e1t.&#8220;<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;To je skv\u011bl\u00fd pl\u00e1n! Pot\u0159ebujete n\u011bjakou podporu? Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom mohli d\u00e1t dohromady n\u00e1kupn\u00ed seznam?&#8220;<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Marek: &#8222;To by bylo super. N\u011bkdy se toul\u00e1m po obchod\u011b a nakonec si koup\u00edm stejn\u00e9 v\u011bci jako v\u017edycky.&#8220;<\/strong><br><br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Rozhodn\u011b! M\u016f\u017eeme si napl\u00e1novat i 2\u20133 rychl\u00e9 recepty, kter\u00e9 nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho energie. C\u00edlem je, aby to bylo provediteln\u00e9, ne dokonal\u00e9.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Koment\u00e1\u0159 k dialogu:<\/em><\/strong><br>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>spoluvytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed s klientem konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pl\u00e1n na z\u00e1klad\u011b jeho p\u0159edstav a mo\u017enost\u00ed, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>posiluje klient\u016fv pocit samostatnosti (nap\u0159. \u201eTo je skv\u011bl\u00fd pl\u00e1n!\u201c), <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nab\u00edz\u00ed praktickou a realistickou podporu \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1kupn\u00ed seznam, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 organiza\u010dn\u00ed nebo kognitivn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, s nimi\u017e se klient m\u016f\u017ee pot\u00fdkat, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>udr\u017euje spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed a posiluj\u00edci t\u00f3n \u2013 pracovn\u00edk n\u00e1sleduje tempo klienta. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-093ee6c7 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-a8f809dd\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>4. Realizace &#8211; Akce podporuj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bnu<\/strong><\/em><br>Klient aktivn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u00ed nov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o f\u00e1zi intenzivn\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed, \u010dasto doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9ho strachem z odsouzen\u00ed, nejistotou a pokusy vyrovnat se s ne\u00fasp\u011bchy nebo relapsy. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-c658ef2f\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Role soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pracovn\u00edka: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pokroku a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u00fdzev. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pomoc p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed strategi\u00ed pro p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a oslava i mal\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a oslava i mal\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-81e025fc\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad dialogu:<br> Kontext: Katka, 25 let, s anorexi\u00ed. V posledn\u00edch dvou t\u00fddnech dodr\u017euje pl\u00e1n j\u00edst t\u0159i j\u00eddla denn\u011b.<br><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Katko, vid\u00edm, \u017ee se dr\u017e\u00edte pl\u00e1nu. Jak\u00fd je to pocit pro v\u00e1s?&#8220;<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Katka: &#8222;Trochu zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed. M\u00e1m sice v\u00edce energie, ale neust\u00e1le se boj\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159iberu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den bojuji sama se sebou.&#8220;<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;To je obrovsk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed a je opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee o tom mluv\u00edte. Jsou pro v\u00e1s n\u011bjak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed denn\u00ed doby,kter\u00e9 jsou pro v\u00e1s nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed?&#8220;<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Katka: &#8222;Ve\u010dery. Tehdy c\u00edt\u00edm po j\u00eddle nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vinu.&#8220;<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom se mohli pokusit vymslet n\u011bco, co by mohlo v takov\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch pomoci \u2013 n\u011bjakou formou podpory nebo zp\u016fsobem, jak odv\u00e9st pozornost od obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch my\u0161lenek?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Koment\u00e1\u0159 k dialogu:<\/em><\/strong><br>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 pokrok klienta, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e aby se zam\u011b\u0159oval na obt\u00ed\u017ee, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>normalizuje ambivalentn\u00ed pocity (strach, \u00fazkost) a uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 je jako p\u0159irozenou sou\u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to f\u00e1ze, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>udr\u017euje si v\u0159el\u00fd, empatick\u00fd t\u00f3n, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nka zm\u011bny je stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 jako ta praktick\u00e1. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed ke spole\u010dn\u00e9mu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed strategi\u00ed, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e k nab\u00edzen\u00ed hotov\u00fdch rad, <br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-242ec7f3 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-36b29880\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>5. Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 podpora udr\u017eitelnosti zm\u011bny<\/strong><\/em>: Klient si upev\u0148uje nov\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky a u\u010d\u00ed se, jak se vyrovnat s poku\u0161en\u00edmi a rizikov\u00fdmi faktory. C\u00edlem je p\u0159edch\u00e1zet relapsu a pos\u00edlit trvalost zm\u011bny. <br> Role soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pracovn\u00edka: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identifikace situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou vyvolat recidivu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Posilov\u00e1n\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f zm\u011bny. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pomoc p\u0159i tvrob\u011b krizov\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f a adaptivn\u00edch strategi\u00ed. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-85c71930\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad dialogu:<br>Kontext: Tom\u00e1\u0161, 40 let, s OCD. Udr\u017euje si zdrav\u00e9 stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky ji\u017e 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.  <br><br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Tom\u00e1\u0161i, u\u017e je to p\u016fl roku! Co si mysl\u00edte o tomto \u00fasp\u011bchu?&#8220; <br><br>Tom\u00e1\u0161: &#8222;Dobr\u00fd. Dokonce jsem si s\u00e1m za\u010dal va\u0159it. Ale m\u00e1m takov\u00fd strach, \u017ee kdy\u017e se v pr\u00e1ci n\u011bco pokaz\u00ed, vr\u00e1t\u00edm se ke star\u00fdm n\u00e1vyk\u016fm.&#8220; <br><br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Je opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, abyste si toho byl v\u011bdom. Cht\u011bl by jste, abychom spole\u010dn\u011b napl\u00e1novali, co byste mohl d\u011blat v krizov\u00e9 situaci?&#8220;<br><br>Tom\u00e1\u0161: &#8222;Ano. Bylo by skv\u011bl\u00e9 m\u00edt n\u011bjakou &#8222;nouzovou strategii&#8220;.&#8220;<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;V\u00fdborn\u011b. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed seznam v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat, nebo lid\u00e9, kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017eete zavolat. Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn je tak\u00e9 o tom, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s t\u00edm, kdy\u017e v\u011bci nejdou dokonale.&#8220; <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Koment\u00e1\u0159 k dialogu:<\/em><\/strong><br>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 a oslavuje \u00fasp\u011bch klienta, posiluje jeho motivaci k pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v jeho \u00fasil\u00ed, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed k prevenci relapsu p\u0159irozen\u011b, bez pou\u017eit\u00ed strachu a tlaku, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pom\u00e1h\u00e1 klientovi p\u0159edv\u00eddat potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika (nap\u0159. \u201eco kdy\u017e bude stres?\u201c), <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>navrhuje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed krizov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd posiluje klient\u016fv pocit kontroly a p\u0159ipravenosti na n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okam\u017eiky. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3e7ffe93 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-07c20fb5\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><em><em><strong><strong><em>6. Relaps \u2013 normalizace a podpora op\u011btovn\u00e9ho zapojen\u00ed do procesu: <strong>Klient se vrac\u00ed k p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Relaps nen\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00edm, ale p\u0159irozenou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed procesu zm\u011bny. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edstup zalo\u017een\u00fd na empatii, porozum\u011bn\u00ed a povzbuzen\u00ed pokra\u010dovat v dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci na sob\u011b.<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-4cae4110\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Role soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pracovn\u00edka: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Normalizace relapsu jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti procesu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pos\u00edlen\u00ed dosavadn\u00edch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f klienta. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pomoc s anal\u00fdzou p\u0159\u00ed\u010din relapsu a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch krok\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"sensei-block-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-sensei-lms-lesson-actions\"><div class=\"sensei-buttons-container\">\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-bb89c6fb alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad dialogu:<br>Kontext: Eva, 35 let, s depres\u00ed. Po t\u0159ech m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch se vr\u00e1tila k p\u0159ej\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed sladkost\u00ed.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Zm\u00ednila jste, \u017ee se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b vr\u00e1tily n\u011bkter\u00e9 star\u00e9 zvyky. Jak to vn\u00edm\u00e1te?&#8220;<br>Eva: &#8222;Jako selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Po tom ve\u0161ker\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed jsem zase zp\u00e1tky na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se proste nedok\u00e1\u017eu zm\u011bnit.&#8220;<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Evo, to nen\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 je to sou\u010d\u00e1st procesu. Mnoho lid\u00ed za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 relapsy. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee jste si toho v\u0161imla a p\u0159i\u0161la jste si o tom promluvit.&#8220;<br>Eva: &#8222;Ale c\u00edt\u00edm se beznad\u011bjn\u011b.&#8220;<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;To je velmi lidsk\u00fd pocit. Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom se mohli spole\u010dn\u011b pokusit pochopit, co se stalo a co by v\u00e1m mohlo pomoci za\u010d\u00edt znovu? Nemus\u00edme za\u010d\u00ednat od nuly \u2013 \u010d\u00e1st pr\u00e1ce je ji\u017e hotov\u00e1.&#8220; <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Koment\u00e1\u0159 k dialogu:<\/strong><\/em><br>V tomto p\u0159\u00edkladu: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>relaps nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za selh\u00e1n\u00ed, ale za norm\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi procesu, <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 empatick\u00fd a normalizuj\u00edc\u00ed jazyk (nap\u0159. &#8222;Je to sou\u010d\u00e1st procesu&#8220;), <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>p\u0159esouv\u00e1 pozornost z \u201ezase jsem selhal\u201c na \u201e\u010deho u\u017e bylo dosa\u017eeno\u201c, <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>povzbuzuje k n\u00e1vratu k akci bez nutnosti okam\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u011bny \u2013 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prostor pro obnoven\u00ed motivace. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em> Prochask\u016fv model v pr\u00e1ci s jedinci s poruchami p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy \u2013 co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u00fdzkum?<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s lidmi trp\u00edc\u00edmi poruchami p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy, jako je anorexie nebo bulimie, se b\u011b\u017en\u011b setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se situacemi, kdy se klient nec\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159ipraven na l\u00e9\u010dbu nebo si probl\u00e9m neuv\u011bdomuje. P\u0159esto\u017ee m\u00e1 nemoc v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro du\u0161evn\u00ed i fyzick\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, mnoho lid\u00ed nen\u00ed ochotno nebo schopno iniciovat zm\u011bnu. To je p\u0159esn\u011b d\u016fvod, pro\u010d m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt Prochask\u016fv transteoretick\u00fd model zm\u011bny zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s touto skupinou (Hasler et al., 2004).   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Studie proveden\u00e1 na klinice pro poruchy p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy zahrnovala 88 pacient\u016f s diagn\u00f3zou anorexie, bulimie a dal\u0161\u00edch poruch p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy. U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka byla hodnocena f\u00e1ze p\u0159ipravenosti na zm\u011bnu (nap\u0159. prekontemplace \u2013 neuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si probl\u00e9mu, kontemplace \u2013 ambivalence, akce \u2013 aktivn\u00ed snaha o zm\u011bnu). K tomuto \u00fa\u010delu byla pou\u017eita specializovan\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la sebehodnocen\u00ed (URICA). Krom\u011b toho studie hodnotila, zda pacienti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch techniky, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed zm\u011bnu, jako je rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed emoc\u00ed nebo osvojen\u00ed si nov\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-0217192e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-e48ae107\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>F\u00e1ze zm\u011bny, ve kter\u00e9 se pacient nach\u00e1zel, nez\u00e1visela na jeho v\u011bku, d\u00e9lce trv\u00e1n\u00ed nemoci nebo p\u0159edchoz\u00ed l\u00e9\u010db\u011b. <br><br>Z\u00e1le\u017eelo v\u0161ak na tom, zda \u010dlov\u011bk vyhledal pomoc z vlastn\u00ed iniciativy \u2013 pacienti, kte\u0159\u00ed tak u\u010dinili dobrovoln\u011b, byli v\u00edce motivov\u00e1ni ke zm\u011bn\u011b.<br><br>\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce byli pacienti emocion\u00e1ln\u011b zapojeni do rozhovor\u016f o sv\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech a \u010d\u00edm aktivn\u011bji se pokou\u0161eli prov\u00e1d\u011bt zm\u011bny, t\u00edm byla v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost,\u017ee postoup\u00ed do pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00ed zm\u011bn.<br> <br>P\u0159edchoz\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba sama o sob\u011b motivaci nezlep\u0161ila \u2013 co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitost pr\u00e1ce konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na motivaci samotn\u00e9, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e pouh\u00e9 nab\u00edzen\u00ed obecn\u00e9 podpory. (Hasler et al., 2004)  <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-ae60db6f\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-fc2e6d64 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pexels-photo-5699491-5699491.jpg ,https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pexels-photo-5699491-5699491.jpg 780w, https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pexels-photo-5699491-5699491.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pexels-photo-5699491-5699491.jpg\" alt=\"Two diverse individuals having an empathetic conversation in a cozy indoor setting.\" class=\"uag-image-939\" width=\"940\" height=\"627\" title=\"pexels-photo-5699491-5699491\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Co to znamen\u00e1 pro soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pracovn\u00edka?<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Motivace ke zm\u011bn\u011b je samostatn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 by m\u011blo b\u00fdt u klienta identifikov\u00e1no a rozv\u00edjeno \u2013 bez ohledu na to, zda ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve absolvoval terapii \u010di nikoliv. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk by m\u011bl pozorovat chov\u00e1n\u00ed klienta: Sna\u017e\u00ed se o zm\u011bnu? Otev\u00edr\u00e1 se emocion\u00e1ln\u011b? Hled\u00e1 aktivn\u011b podporu?   <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9 je p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat rozhovory a intervence f\u00e1zi, ve kter\u00e9 se klient pr\u00e1v\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed (v souladu s Prochaskov\u00fdm modelem). <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na emoce souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s nemoc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee klientovi pomoci posunout se vp\u0159ed \u2013 emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed anga\u017eovanost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm krokem ke zm\u011bn\u011b. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Studie ukazuje, \u017ee zm\u011bna neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 akc\u00ed, ale <strong>p\u0159ipravenost\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 se vyv\u00edj\u00ed postupn\u011b v jednotliv\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch. I kdy\u017e klient je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed p\u0159ipraven, m\u016f\u017eeme ho v tomto procesu podpo\u0159it \u2013 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rozhovor\u016f, spole\u010dn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a t\u00edm, \u017ee mu pom\u016f\u017eeme emocion\u00e1ln\u011b zpracovat jeho obt\u00ed\u017ee.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-1-color has-ast-global-color-5-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><strong><strong>INTERAKTIVN\u00cd AKTIVITA 43<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-555\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"555\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 43-Q1-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-4f2c1236\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-556\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"556\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 43-Q2-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-76437c08\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-557\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"557\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 43-Q3-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-52faac96\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-558\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"558\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 43-Q4-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-background has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#e9f3d9;border-width:2px\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bibliografie<\/strong>  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prochaska, J. O., &amp; DiClemente, C. C. (1984). Transteoretick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup: P\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edch hranic terapie. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin. Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., &amp; Norcross, J. C. (1992). Hled\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak se lid\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed: Aplikace na n\u00e1vykov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Americk\u00fd psycholog, 47(9), 1102\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.47.9.1102 Prochaska, J. O., &amp; Velicer, W. F. (1997). Transteoretick\u00fd model zm\u011bny zdravotn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Americk\u00fd \u010dasopis pro podporu zdrav\u00ed, 12(1), 38\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4278\/0890-1171-12.1.38\n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sensei-content-description has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>1.2. Koncept motiva\u010dn\u00edho pohovoru<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Motiva\u010dn\u00ed rozhovory (MI) je konverza\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, kter\u00fd podporuje \u010dlov\u011bka ve zm\u011bn\u011b jeho n\u00e1vyk\u016f, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 souvisej\u00ed se zdrav\u00edm. Jeho c\u00edlem je pos\u00edlit vnit\u0159n\u00ed motivaci klienta \u2013 povzbudit ho ke zm\u011bn\u011b tak, aby si ji s\u00e1m p\u0159\u00e1l. M\u00edsto toho, aby mu n\u011bkdo \u0159\u00edkal co by m\u011bl d\u011blat, mu osoba vedouc\u00ed rozhovor pom\u00e1h\u00e1 dosp\u011bt k vlastn\u00edm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm (Miller, 2022; Miller &amp; Rollnick, 2013).   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-37e75ca4 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tato metoda byla vyvinuta Williamem R. Millerem v 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se pou\u017e\u00edval p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s jedinci z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi na alkoholu, ale pozd\u011bji spole\u010dn\u011b se Stephenem Rollnickem Miller roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il p\u0159\u00edstup tak, aby pom\u00e1hal lidem s dal\u0161\u00edmi zdravotn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, jako je obezita, hypertenze, cukrovka a nedostatek fyzick\u00e9 aktivity (Miller, 2022; Cole et al., 2023).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V tradi\u010dn\u00edch rozhovorech o zdrav\u00ed se \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s pou\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdroky jako nap\u0159\u00edklad: <br>a) &#8222;Mus\u00edte p\u0159estat p\u00edt tolik energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f \u2013 \u0161kod\u00ed v\u00e1m to.&#8220; <br>b) &#8222;M\u011bl byste j\u00edst v\u00edce zeleniny, jinak budete m\u00edt zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my.&#8220; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V motiva\u010dn\u00edm rozhovoru je p\u0159\u00edstup jin\u00fd. M\u00edsto pou\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1me klientovi doj\u00edt k uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee zm\u011bna je prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1. Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na konfrontaci je kladen d\u016fraz na porozum\u011bn\u00ed, empatii a spolupr\u00e1ci (Miller, 2022; Cole et al., 2023).   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-5b70e9b7 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f424b9f8\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u2705 \u201eCo si mysl\u00edte o sv\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch? Vid\u00edte n\u011bco, co byste cht\u011bl zm\u011bnit?\u201c<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>\u201eCo dobr\u00e9ho by v\u00e1m to p\u0159ineslo, kdybyste pil m\u00e9n\u011b energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f?\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00edky tomuto p\u0159\u00edstupu se pacient nec\u00edt\u00ed do ni\u010deho nucen, ale s\u00e1m dojde k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee stoj\u00ed za to prov\u00e9st zm\u011bnu (Miller, 2022; Miller &amp; Rollnick, 2013). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-d0c0eb4070aac83a8bf8137285a2a6ba wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Kde se motiva\u010dn\u00ed rozhovory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed?<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u010dkoli se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pou\u017e\u00edval hlavn\u011b v terapii z\u00e1vislost\u00ed, dnes se uplat\u0148uje v mnoha oblastech, nap\u0159\u00edklad: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Medic\u00edna \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu<\/strong> \u2013 nap\u0159. podpora zm\u011bn ve strav\u011b a pohybov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Klinick\u00e1 psychologie<\/strong> \u2013 nap\u0159. v terapii osob s depres\u00ed nebo \u00fazkostn\u00fdmi poruchami. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dietetika<\/strong> \u2013 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 lidem osvojit si zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kardiorehabilitace<\/strong> \u2013 podpora pacient\u016f po infarktu p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00edky sv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti je tato metoda doporu\u010dov\u00e1na r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zdravotnick\u00fdmi organizacemi jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k pomoci lidem zm\u011bnit jejich n\u00e1vyky (Cole a kol., 2023). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u010cty\u0159i procesy motiva\u010dn\u00edho pohovoru<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-040ae871 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-24792299\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-23f3c012\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image alignwide uagb-block-9ef575d7 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-wide\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/FIGURA-1.png ,https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/FIGURA-1.png 780w, https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/FIGURA-1.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/FIGURA-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-953\" width=\"570\" height=\"352\" title=\"FIGURA-1\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-350676a2\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sensei-content-description has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>1.2.1 Zapojen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prvn\u00edm krokem v motiva\u010dn\u00edm rozhovoru (MI) je zapojen\u00ed \u2013 nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed siln\u00e9ho a d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9ho vztahu s osobou, kterou chceme podpo\u0159it. C\u00edlem je, aby klient c\u00edtil, \u017ee n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat a \u017ee tu nejsme od toho, abychom ho soudili nebo na n\u011bj tla\u010dili. Pouze kdy\u017e se n\u011bkdo c\u00edt\u00ed pochopen a p\u0159ijat, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se otev\u0159e konverzaci o zm\u011bn\u011b sv\u00fdch n\u00e1vyk\u016f. T\u0159i kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 techniky, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed se zapojen\u00edm klienta, jsou:    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aktivn\u00ed naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 projevov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu o jeho pocity a my\u0161lenky. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Otev\u0159en\u00e1 komunikace \u2013 vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se uzav\u0159en\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pouze odpov\u011bdi &#8222;ano&#8220; nebo &#8222;ne&#8220;. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u00e1stroje OARS \u2013 soubor komunika\u010dn\u00edch technik, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed propojen\u00ed a motivaci. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aktivn\u00ed naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 jak uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b naslouch\u00e1te<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aktivn\u00ed naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed znamen\u00e1 v\u011bnovat plnou pozornost osob\u011b, se kterou mluv\u00edte. Nejde jen o to sly\u0161et jej\u00ed slova, ale o pochopen\u00ed toho, co skute\u010dn\u011b chce vyj\u00e1d\u0159it. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 projevovat empatii \u2013 uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee rozum\u00edte jej\u00edm pocit\u016fm, ani\u017e byste ji soudili.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010ceho se dosahuje aktivn\u00edm naslouch\u00e1n\u00edm? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2714\ufe0fPom\u00e1h\u00e1 budovat d\u016fv\u011bru a pocit bezpe\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2714\ufe0f Ukazuje druh\u00e9mu, \u017ee n\u00e1m na n\u011bm z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2714\ufe0f D\u00e1v\u00e1 klientovi pocit, \u017ee je sly\u0161en, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e \u017ee byl pou\u010dov\u00e1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b99858a4 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39<strong>Pokud n\u011bkdo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017ee ddodr\u017eovat zdravou stravu:<\/strong><br>\u2705<strong> \u201eVid\u00edm, \u017ee je to pro v\u00e1s opravdu t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. R\u00e1d bych l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bl tomu, jak se pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f c\u00edt\u00edte.\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Pokud m\u00e1 pacient pocit, \u017ee se o n\u011bco pokusil, ale nic nefunguje:<\/strong><br>\u2705<strong> \u201eSly\u0161el jsem, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00edte velmi frustrovan\u00fd \u2013 u\u017e jste vyzkou\u0161el r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy a st\u00e1le je pro v\u00e1s t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat zdravou stravu.\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Pokud m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo pocit, \u017ee ztratil kontrolu nad sv\u00fdm j\u00eddlem:<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>\u201eCh\u00e1pu to spr\u00e1vn\u011b, \u017ee m\u00e1te pocit, \u017ee se v\u00e1m j\u00eddlo vymyk\u00e1 kontrole?\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Pokud se pacient sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi:<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>\u201eOpravdu oce\u0148uji, \u017ee o tom mluv\u00edte otev\u0159en\u011b. Je to velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a vy\u017eaduje to odvahu o tom mluvit.\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Pokud n\u011bkdo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee deprese mu bere motivaci ke zm\u011bn\u011b:<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>\u201eV\u00edm, \u017ee zm\u011bna n\u00e1vyk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e se kv\u016fli depresi c\u00edt\u00edte vy\u010derpan\u00ed a bez energie.\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Pokud n\u011bkdo \u0159ekne, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00ed zahlcen\u00fd:<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>\u201eD\u011bkuji, \u017ee jste se o to se mnou pod\u011blil. Mus\u00ed to b\u00fdt opravdu t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 a ch\u00e1pu, pro\u010d se c\u00edt\u00edte tak pln\u00fd emoc\u00ed.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee zapojen\u00ed je prvn\u00edm krokem v efektivn\u00edm rozhovoru \u2013 klient mus\u00ed m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm aktivn\u00edho naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme klientovi uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee mu rozum\u00edme, co\u017e ho povzbud\u00ed k tomu, aby mluvil d\u00e1l. Podp\u016frn\u00e9 reakce ukazuj\u00ed klientovi, \u017ee na jeho pocitech z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed a \u017ee nen\u00ed souzen.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-159ff17e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-2aed7f69\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Otev\u0159en\u00e1 komunikace \u2013 jak kl\u00e1st dobr\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Otev\u0159en\u00e1 komunikace je zp\u016fsob veden\u00ed rozhovoru, kter\u00fd povzbuzuje druhou osobu, aby svobodn\u011bji mluvila o sv\u00fdch zku\u0161enostech a pocitech. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem jsou otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky \u2013 ty, na kter\u00e9 nelze odpov\u011bd\u011bt pouze &#8222;ano&#8220; nebo &#8222;ne&#8220;. Tyto ot\u00e1zky vyb\u00edzej\u00ed klienta k zamy\u0161len\u00ed a rozhovoru o tom, co je pro n\u011bj d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.   <br><br>V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee klient: <br>a) m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159en\u011b mluvit o sv\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edch <br>b) za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 reflektovat sv\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky <br>c) c\u00edt\u00ed, \u017ee jeho n\u00e1zory a emoce jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. <br><br>Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm otev\u0159en\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 klient p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o sv\u00e9 situaci a \u010dasto si prvn\u00ed kroky ke zm\u011bn\u011b najde s\u00e1m. Otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak prohloubit porozum\u011bn\u00ed probl\u00e9mu a pomoci identifikovat potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-147fd2a3\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-b0b3ce9f wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/g8c24e31ec35f34f71ff4889d2fc9f0d76f5d9ad0406b7c6740114a1a00d5b6570d256263270f6e002bc57ed5bdea1b33_640-6027028.jpg ,https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/g8c24e31ec35f34f71ff4889d2fc9f0d76f5d9ad0406b7c6740114a1a00d5b6570d256263270f6e002bc57ed5bdea1b33_640-6027028.jpg 780w, https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/g8c24e31ec35f34f71ff4889d2fc9f0d76f5d9ad0406b7c6740114a1a00d5b6570d256263270f6e002bc57ed5bdea1b33_640-6027028.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/g8c24e31ec35f34f71ff4889d2fc9f0d76f5d9ad0406b7c6740114a1a00d5b6570d256263270f6e002bc57ed5bdea1b33_640-6027028.jpg\" alt=\"people, students, university, campus, classmates, friends, discuss, discussing, group work, groupmates, nature, grass, field, friendship day\" class=\"uag-image-957\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" title=\"g8c24e31ec35f34f71ff4889d2fc9f0d76f5d9ad0406b7c6740114a1a00d5b6570d256263270f6e002bc57ed5bdea1b33_640-6027028\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-cb60eb5a alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed klient\u016fm zamyslet se nad zm\u011bnou?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>M\u00edsto: \u201eM\u00e1te probl\u00e9m s j\u00eddlem, kdy\u017e jste ve stresu?\u201c<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>Lep\u0161\u00ed je se zeptat: \u201eJak\u00e9 situace v\u00e1s vedou k tomu, \u017ee s\u00e1hnete po j\u00eddle, i kdy\u017e nem\u00e1te hlad?\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>M\u00edsto: \u201eSn\u00edd\u00e1te?\u201c<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>Lep\u0161\u00ed je se zeptat: \u201eJak obvykle vypad\u00e1 va\u0161e r\u00e1no? M\u00e1te \u010das se naj\u00edst?\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>M\u00edsto: \u201eChcete p\u00edt m\u00e9n\u011b energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f?\u201c<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>Lep\u0161\u00ed je se zeptat: \u201eCo si mysl\u00edte o mno\u017estv\u00ed energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f, kter\u00e9 obvykle vypijete?\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>M\u00edsto: \u201eP\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel jste o zm\u011bn\u011b sv\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku?\u201c<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>Lep\u0161\u00ed se zeptat: \u201eCo by v\u00e1m mohlo pomoci j\u00edst zdrav\u011bji?\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zde je srovn\u00e1n\u00ed<strong> otev\u0159en\u00fdch a uzav\u0159en\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek <\/strong>prezentovan\u00e9 v ve form\u00e1tu tabulky: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-background has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#ddeaca;border-width:3px\"><thead><tr><th>Otev\u0159en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka <\/th><th>Uzav\u0159en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka <\/th><th>Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed (z\u00edskan\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed informace) <\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Jak vypad\u00e1 v\u00e1\u0161 typick\u00fd den, pokud jde o j\u00eddlo? <\/td><td>J\u00edte pravideln\u011b? <\/td><td>Umo\u017e\u0148uje klientovi popsat sv\u016fj denn\u00ed rytmus, identifikovat dobu hladu a stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky, co\u017e poskytuje ucelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz o jeho \u017eivotn\u00edm stylu. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jak se c\u00edt\u00edte po j\u00eddle? <\/td><td>Ovliv\u0148uje j\u00eddlo va\u0161i n\u00e1ladu? <\/td><td>Poskytuje vhled do emocion\u00e1ln\u00edch a t\u011blesn\u00fdch reakc\u00ed na j\u00eddlo a odhaluje nev\u011bdom\u00e9 souvislosti mezi emocemi a j\u00eddlem. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Co v\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat si zdrav\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky a co v\u00e1m to zt\u011b\u017euje? <\/td><td>M\u00e1te pot\u00ed\u017ee s udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm zdrav\u00fdch n\u00e1vyk\u016f? <\/td><td>Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 klientovi identifikovat jeho siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky a p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky a tak\u00e9 to,co ho podporuje nebo mu br\u00e1n\u00ed v udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jak\u00e9 jsou va\u0161e zku\u0161enosti se snahou zm\u011bnit sv\u016fj j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek v minulosti? <\/td><td>Zkou\u0161el jste v minulosti zm\u011bnit sv\u016fj j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek? <\/td><td>Otev\u00edr\u00e1 prostor pro anal\u00fdzu p\u0159edchoz\u00edch pokus\u016f, d\u016fvod\u016f ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f \u00fasp\u011bchu pro budouc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Co se stane, kdy\u017e ve stresuj\u00edc\u00edch chv\u00edl\u00edch poc\u00edt\u00edte silnou chu\u0165 k j\u00eddlu? <\/td><td>J\u00edte, kdy\u017e jste ve stresu? <\/td><td>Nab\u00edz\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se stresem a identifikuje spou\u0161t\u011b\u010de a alternativn\u00ed strategie zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jak\u00e9 emoce c\u00edt\u00edte, kdy\u017e j\u00edte sami, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u00edm, kdy\u017e j\u00edte s ostatn\u00edmi? <\/td><td>J\u00edte rad\u011bji sami nebo s ostatn\u00edmi? <\/td><td>Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odhalit, jak spole\u010densk\u00fd kontext ovliv\u0148uje stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky a jak\u00e9 emo\u010dn\u00ed reakce jsou spojeny s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi situacemi. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Co pova\u017eujete za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky ve zm\u011bn\u011b sv\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f? <\/td><td>M\u00e1te pot\u00ed\u017ee se zm\u011bnou sv\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f? <\/td><td>D\u00e1v\u00e1 klientovi prostor k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed a formulaci konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch v\u00fdzev a zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed vlastn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Co d\u011bl\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00e9 dny jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a jin\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed pokud jde o j\u00eddlo? <\/td><td>Jsou dny, kdy je t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed dodr\u017eovat zdravou stravu? <\/td><td>Podporuje zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad ka\u017edodenn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 identifikovat faktory, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed snadnost nebo obt\u00ed\u017enost udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho stravov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Co si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee by v\u00e1m mohlo pomoci j\u00edst pravideln\u011bji? <\/td><td>V\u00edte, co byste mohl ud\u011blat pro to, abyste jedl pravideln\u011bji? <\/td><td>Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 pacienta, aby zv\u00e1\u017eil realistick\u00e9, osobn\u00ed strategie pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed pravidelnosti j\u00eddla, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e aby poskytoval rychl\u00e9 nebo povrchn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-7bb5ad02 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-8f68deef\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f OARS \u2013 jak efektivn\u011b komunikovat a podporovat zm\u011bnu<\/strong><br>OARS je soubor \u010dty\u0159 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch p\u0159i motiva\u010dn\u00edch rozhovorech. Lze je pova\u017eovat za n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed &#8222;vyt\u00e1hnout&#8220; my\u0161lenky, pocity a motivaci \u010dlov\u011bka k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto techniky vedou konverzaci zp\u016fsobem, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu se druh\u00e1 osoba c\u00edt\u00ed sly\u0161en\u00e1, pochopen\u00e1 a v\u00edce motivovan\u00e1 ke zm\u011bn\u011b.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-aec85a46\">\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-377bdc5519028ec392f08cddb974556f wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>OARS se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z:<br>\u2705 O \u2013 Otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<br>\u2705 A \u2013 Afirmace<br>\u2705 R \u2013 Reflexe<br>\u2705 S \u2013 Shrnut\u00ed<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-121577dd alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b3fe04d2\">\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1c7e7796bcef9a6ddab36ed50d354dfe wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dd8bf1c395be7f6e20d741680c433d3c wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u274c Uzav\u0159en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: \u201eJ\u00edte zdrav\u011b?\u201c<br>\u27a1\ufe0f Odpov\u011b\u010f: \u201eAno\u201c nebo \u201eNe\u201c \u2013 poskytuje m\u00e1lo nebo v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podrobnosti.<br>\u2705 Otev\u0159en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: \u201eCo si mysl\u00edte o sv\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch?\u201c<br>\u27a1\ufe0f Mo\u017en\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f: \u201eN\u011bkdy se sna\u017e\u00edm j\u00edst zdrav\u011b, ale \u010dasto skon\u010d\u00edm u rychl\u00e9ho ob\u010derstven\u00ed, proto\u017ee nem\u00e1m \u010das va\u0159it.\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-fc068174\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>O \u2013 Otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/strong><br>Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno d\u0159\u00edve, otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky jsou ty, na kter\u00e9 nelze odpov\u011bd\u011bt pouze &#8222;ano&#8220; nebo &#8222;ne&#8220;. Povzbuzuj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad sv\u00fdmi zvyky, pocity a rozhodnut\u00edmi.  <br>Tyto typy ot\u00e1zek vyb\u00edzej\u00ed k hlub\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bku prozkoumat svou vlastn\u00ed situaci, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e jednodu\u0161e reagovat na p\u0159edem definovan\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy nebo ot\u00e1zky. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-ea81aa17 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-7ced35fe\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <strong>A \u2013 Afirmace (pozitivn\u00ed posilov\u00e1n\u00ed \/ validace)<\/strong><br>Afirmace jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, pozitivn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed pos\u00edlit sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a sebe\u00factu dan\u00e9 osoby. M\u00edsto kritizov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo poukazov\u00e1n\u00ed na chyby se zam\u011b\u0159ujeme na zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, siln\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a hodnot, kter\u00e9 druh\u00e1 osoba projevuje.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b009959d\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ee00fe51e6b8284b8c391a603d2c8e43 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#2f1e15\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady afirmac\u00ed:<br>\u2705 \u201eVid\u00edm, \u017ee se sna\u017e\u00edte j\u00edst zdrav\u011bji \u2013 to je skv\u011bl\u00fd krok!\u201c<br>\u2705 \u201eCen\u00edm si va\u0161\u00ed up\u0159\u00edmnosti v rozhovoru o va\u0161ich probl\u00e9mech. To vy\u017eaduje odvahu.\u201c<br>\u2705 \u201eJe opravdu p\u016fsobiv\u00e9, \u017ee i p\u0159es to, \u017ee se pot\u00fdk\u00e1te s depres\u00ed, se v\u00e1m v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b poda\u0159ilo uva\u0159it p\u00e1r zdrav\u00fdch j\u00eddel.\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-2a61d3d5\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to techniky: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Poskytuje \u010dlov\u011bku motivaci k dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci na zm\u011bn\u011b. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ukazuje, \u017ee i mal\u00e9 kr\u016f\u010dky jsou smyslupln\u00e9 a cen\u011bn\u00e9. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zvy\u0161uje zapojen\u00ed do procesu zm\u011bny posilov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fasil\u00ed a pokroku. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-coblocks-dynamic-separator has-background has-ast-global-color-1-color is-style-fullwidth\" style=\"height:50px\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-80723452 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-0d946deb\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>R \u2013 Reflexe \/ Parafr\u00e1zov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><br>Reflexe zahrnuj\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co mluv\u010d\u00ed \u0159ekl, ale m\u00edrn\u011b jin\u00fdmi slovy, aby se projevilo porozum\u011bn\u00ed a objasnil v\u00fdznam. Tato technika pom\u00e1h\u00e1 klientovi c\u00edtit se vysly\u0161en\u00fd a pochopen\u00fd. N\u011bkdy sly\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed my\u0161lenky formulovan\u00e9 odli\u0161n\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje klientovi rozpoznat poznatky nebo vzorce, kter\u00fdch si p\u0159edt\u00edm nev\u0161iml.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-5a9fd3ab\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ee00fe51e6b8284b8c391a603d2c8e43 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#2f1e15\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady afirmac\u00ed:<br>\u2705 \u201eVid\u00edm, \u017ee se sna\u017e\u00edte j\u00edst zdrav\u011bji \u2013 to je skv\u011bl\u00fd krok!\u201c<br>\u2705 \u201eCen\u00edm si va\u0161\u00ed up\u0159\u00edmnosti v rozhovoru o va\u0161ich probl\u00e9mech. To vy\u017eaduje odvahu.\u201c<br>\u2705 \u201eJe opravdu p\u016fsobiv\u00e9, \u017ee i p\u0159es to, \u017ee se pot\u00fdk\u00e1te s depres\u00ed, se v\u00e1m v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b poda\u0159ilo uva\u0159it p\u00e1r zdrav\u00fdch j\u00eddel.\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-8d9e39c8\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to techniky: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ukazuje, \u017ee druh\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku opravdu naslouch\u00e1te. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 mu l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt vlastn\u00edm my\u0161lenk\u00e1m a pocit\u016fm. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usnad\u0148uje identifikaci mo\u017en\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-coblocks-dynamic-separator has-background has-ast-global-color-1-color is-style-fullwidth\" style=\"height:50px\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-ba7a3a7b alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b782c44a\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <strong>S \u2013 Shrnut\u00ed<\/strong><br>Shrnut\u00ed znamen\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017edit nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed body z konverzace a prezentovat je stru\u010dn\u011b a srozumiteln\u011b. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bku, se kter\u00fdm rozhovor vedeme, vid\u011bt, co ji\u017e bylo dohodnuto a co lze ud\u011blat d\u00e1le.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-de6b7505\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e3b7206afcbfe2cdf7f5bfc06a1da1fc wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#2f1e15\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady shrnut\u00ed:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f Klientka: &#8222;Nem\u00e1m \u010das va\u0159it, j\u00edm ve sp\u011bchu a \u010dasto sah\u00e1m po sladkostech, proto\u017ee se po nich c\u00edt\u00edm l\u00e9pe.&#8220;<br>\u2705 Shrnut\u00ed: &#8222;\u0158\u00edk\u00e1te tedy, \u017ee nedostatek \u010dasu v\u00e1s vede k v\u00fdb\u011bru rychl\u00e9ho ob\u010derstven\u00ed a sladkosti v\u00e1m do\u010dasn\u011b zlep\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1ladu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by st\u00e1lo za to hledat rychl\u00e9, ale zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativy?&#8220;<br>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f <\/strong><strong>Klient: &#8222;V\u00edm, \u017ee bych m\u011bl j\u00edst v\u00edce zeleniny, ale nechutn\u00e1 mi a nev\u00edm, jak ji p\u0159ipravit.&#8220;<br>\u2705 Shrnut\u00ed: &#8222;Tak\u017ee v\u00e1m z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strav\u011b, ale chu\u0165 zeleniny a neznalostt, jak ji va\u0159it, jsou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou. Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom spole\u010dn\u011b mohli naj\u00edt p\u00e1r recept\u016f, kter\u00e9 by se v\u00e1m mohly l\u00edbit ?&#8220;<\/strong>  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-a6940741\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to techniky: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 uspo\u0159\u00e1dat konverzaci a zam\u011b\u0159it se na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 t\u00e9mata. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ukazuje klientovi, \u017ee mu bylo jasn\u011b porozum\u011bno. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod pro dal\u0161\u00ed diskusi o mo\u017en\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Shrnut\u00ed \u2013 pro\u010d je OARS efektivn\u00ed?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-background has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#ddeaca;border-width:3px\"><thead><tr><th>Technika <\/th><th>Co to je? <\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad <\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>O \u2013 Otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky <\/td><td>Ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f <\/td><td>\u201eCo si mysl\u00edte o sv\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch?\u201c <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A \u2013 Afirmace <\/td><td>Pozitivn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 posiluj\u00ed motivaci <\/td><td>\u201eTo je skv\u011bl\u00e9, \u017ee se sna\u017e\u00edte j\u00edst v\u00edc zeleniny!\u201c <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R \u2013 Reflexe <\/td><td>Opakov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co n\u011bkdo \u0159ekl, jin\u00fdmi slovy <\/td><td>&#8222;Nem\u00e1te moc \u010dasu, a tak \u010dasto sah\u00e1te po hotov\u00e9m j\u00eddle.&#8220; <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S \u2013 Shrnut\u00ed <\/td><td>Shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a organizov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed <\/td><td>\u201eZ toho, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te, to zn\u00ed, jako byste cht\u011bl j\u00edst zdrav\u011bji, ale va\u0159en\u00ed je pro v\u00e1s v\u00fdzvou.\u201c <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-19168265 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-93e78f48\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pou\u017eit\u00edm t\u011bchto technik se klient nejen c\u00edt\u00ed l\u00e9pe pochopen, ale tak\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rozpozn\u00e1vat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee s\u00e1m implementovat.<br><br>Techniky OARS jsou velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 nejen p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s klienty, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159i ka\u017edodenn\u00edch rozhovorech. Lze je pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159i interakci s: <br>\u2714\ufe0f Rodinou \u2013 k pozorn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fdm a podpo\u0159e v obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch situac\u00edch.<br>\u2714\ufe0f P\u0159\u00e1teli \u2013 pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed jejich emoc\u00ed bez vnucov\u00e1n\u00ed rad.<br>\u2714\ufe0f U\u010diteli nebo spolu\u017e\u00e1ky ve \u0161kole \u2013 k otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a up\u0159\u00edmn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rozhovor\u016fm.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-213ee3b5\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-d047f096 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pexels-photo-7176230-7176230.jpg ,https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pexels-photo-7176230-7176230.jpg 780w, https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pexels-photo-7176230-7176230.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pexels-photo-7176230-7176230.jpg\" alt=\"Concentrated woman talking and touching shoulder of pensive male in light room in daytime\" class=\"uag-image-968\" width=\"525\" height=\"350\" title=\"pexels-photo-7176230-7176230\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b0d0325e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed OARS v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f M\u00edsto: \u201ePro\u010d jsi tak smutn\u00e1?\u201c<br>\u2705 Lep\u0161\u00ed: \u201eVid\u00edm, \u017ee t\u011b n\u011bco tr\u00e1p\u00ed. Cht\u011bla by sis o tom promluvit?\u201c<br><em>(Otev\u0159en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka + aktivn\u00ed naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f M\u00edsto: \u201eNeboj se, bude to v po\u0159\u00e1dku.\u201c<br>\u2705 Lep\u0161\u00ed: \u201eTo pro tebe mus\u00ed b\u00fdt opravdu t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. V\u00e1\u017e\u00edm si toho, \u017ee ses o to se mnou pod\u011blil.&#8220;<br><em>(Afirmace + empatie)<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f M\u00edsto: \u201eProst\u011b se mus\u00ed\u0161 v\u00edc u\u010dit.\u201c<br>\u2705 Lep\u0161\u00ed: \u201eCh\u00e1pu spr\u00e1vn\u011b, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00ed\u0161 zahlcen\u00fd mno\u017estv\u00edm l\u00e1tky?\u201c<br><em>(Reflexe \/ Parafr\u00e1ze)<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f M\u00edsto: \u201eTak co te\u010f bude\u0161 d\u011blat?\u201c<br>\u2705 Lep\u0161\u00ed: \u201eZ toho, co jsi \u0159ekla, to vypad\u00e1, \u017ee na tebe \u0161koln\u00ed stres opravdu dol\u00e9h\u00e1. Jak\u00e9 kroky by ti mohly pomoct to l\u00edp zvl\u00e1dnout?\u201c<br><em>(Shrnut\u00ed + podpora \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f)<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00edky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ORAS se konverzace st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a druh\u00e1 osoba m\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee je skute\u010dn\u011b vysly\u0161ena a pochopena. Vyplat\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvat tyto techniky nejen v profesion\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 v ka\u017edodenn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch \u2013 proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd chce m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee na jeho emoc\u00edch a my\u0161lenk\u00e1ch z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-coblocks-dynamic-separator has-background has-ast-global-color-1-color is-style-fullwidth\" style=\"height:50px\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sensei-content-description has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>1.2.2. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi rozhovoru je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pomoci klient\u016fm rozhodnout se, na co se cht\u011bj\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159it. C\u00edlem nen\u00ed \u0159\u00edkat jim, co maj\u00ed d\u011blat, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e se pt\u00e1t, co je pro n\u011b nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tato f\u00e1ze je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Klient si vol\u00ed t\u00e9ma rozhovoru, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje jeho zapojen\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nevnucujeme zm\u011bnu, ale pom\u00e1h\u00e1me identifikovat oblast, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Klienta neopravujeme ani nekritizujeme, ale spole\u010dn\u011b hled\u00e1me nejlep\u0161\u00ed cestu ke zm\u011bn\u011b. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vyhnout se &#8220; napravovac\u00edmu reflexu&#8220;. \u010casto, kdy\u017e vid\u00edme, \u017ee n\u011bkdo d\u011bl\u00e1 n\u011bco nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho, c\u00edt\u00edme nutk\u00e1n\u00ed na to okam\u017eit\u011b pouk\u00e1zat a \u0159\u00edct mu, co by m\u011bl d\u011blat jinak. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee se druh\u00e1 osoba bude c\u00edtit souzena, co\u017e ji povede k tomu, \u017ee se za\u010dne br\u00e1nit.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-e9be59eb alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-ba3b9426\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u274c \u0160patn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad: \u201eM\u011bl byste j\u00edst v\u00edce zeleniny, proto\u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00fd.\u201c<br>\u2705 Lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup: &#8222;Jak se c\u00edt\u00edte ohledn\u011b sv\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku? Jsou n\u011bjak\u00e1 j\u00eddla, kter\u00e1 byste cht\u011bl j\u00edst \u010dast\u011bji?<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-8b1b8087\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, jak klademe ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed definovat c\u00edl. N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e1 tabulka uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed klient\u016fm definovat c\u00edl v souladu s nutri\u010dn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, o kter\u00e9m mluvili.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-a85725b4\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Pokud m\u00e1 klient probl\u00e9my s chut\u00ed k j\u00eddlu:<\/strong><br> \u2705 <strong>&#8222;Z toho, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te, ch\u00e1pu, \u017ee jsou dny, kdy nem\u00e1te chu\u0165 k j\u00eddlu a jin\u00e9, kdy j\u00edte hodn\u011b. O kter\u00e9m aspektu va\u0161eho stravov\u00e1n\u00ed byste cht\u011bl mluvit jako prvn\u00ed?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Pokud m\u00e1 klient n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed: <\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>&#8222;\u010cel\u00edte n\u011bkolika v\u00fdzv\u00e1m souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s j\u00eddlem. Zam\u011b\u0159il byste se rad\u011bji na pravidelnost j\u00eddla, nebo t\u0159eba na zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality toho, co j\u00edte?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Pokud se klient pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s \u00fazkost\u00ed: <\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>&#8222;Existuj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situace, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m zt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed zdrav\u00e9 stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e se va\u0161e p\u0159\u00edznaky \u00fazkosti zhor\u0161uj\u00ed?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-coblocks-dynamic-separator has-background has-ast-global-color-1-color is-style-fullwidth\" style=\"height:50px\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sensei-content-description has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>1.2.3. Vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed motivace<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f7793609 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-098c645f\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed motivace je jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00ed motiva\u010dn\u00edho rozhovoru. C\u00edlem je pomoci klientovi naj\u00edt jeho vlastn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro zm\u011bnu, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e ho do n\u00ed nutit. Kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo s\u00e1m rozpozn\u00e1, pro\u010d by mohlo b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 n\u011bco ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b zlep\u0161it, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se bude c\u00edtit skute\u010dn\u011b motivov\u00e1n ke zm\u011bn\u011b.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dv\u011b techniky:<\/strong><br>\u2705 Posilov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201emluven\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b\u201c \u2013 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed touhu nebo z\u00e1m\u011br zlep\u0161it se.<br>\u274c Omezov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201emluven\u00ed o udr\u017een\u00ed\u201c \u2013 argument\u016f, kter\u00e9 ospravedl\u0148uj\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situace nebo vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se zm\u011bn\u011b. <br><br><strong>Mluven\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b vs. mluven\u00ed o udr\u017een\u00ed \u2013 co to znamen\u00e1? <\/strong><br>Mluven\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b se t\u00fdk\u00e1 jak\u00fdchkoli tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee klient p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b nebo chce d\u011blat n\u011bco jinak. Tato prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt posilov\u00e1na a povzbuzov\u00e1na k nim, aby to klientovi pomohlo d\u00e1le je prozkoum\u00e1vat.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-a08c430f\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-d101a625 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-cb0697ac\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2705 <strong>P\u0159\u00edklady mluven\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b <\/strong><strong><em>(ochota jednat):<\/em><\/strong><br>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f <strong>&#8222;R\u00e1d bych zhubl, proto\u017ee si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee bych se c\u00edtil l\u00e9pe.&#8220;<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f &#8222;<strong>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee kdybych v noci jedla m\u00e9n\u011b, m\u011bla bych r\u00e1no v\u00edce energie.&#8220;<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f &#8222;<strong>Mus\u00edm ud\u011blat n\u011bjak\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve sv\u00e9 strav\u011b, proto\u017ee m\u011b to za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ovliv\u0148ovat.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf<strong>Jak pos\u00edlit mluven\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b: <br>\u2705 &#8222;To pro v\u00e1s zn\u00ed jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok. Co V\u00e1s vede k tomu abyste to cht\u011bl zm\u011bnit?&#8220;<br>\u2705 &#8222;Co si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee by v\u00e1m mohlo pomoci tuto zm\u011bnu uskute\u010dnit?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-35d1c93b alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-d97c1c4b\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u274c<strong> P\u0159\u00edklady udr\u017eovac\u00edho hovoru (p\u0159ipoutanost k sou\u010dasn\u00fdm n\u00e1vyk\u016fm):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f \u201eV\u017edycky j\u00edm ve\u010der, je to prost\u011b m\u016fj zp\u016fsob relaxace.\u201c<br>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f \u201eNem\u00e1m \u010das va\u0159it zdrav\u00e1 j\u00eddla.\u201c<br>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f \u201eV\u00edm, \u017ee je to nezdrav\u00e9, ale miluji sladk\u00e9 v\u011bci a nechci se jich vzd\u00e1t.\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Jak zm\u00edrnit udr\u017eovac\u00ed hovor ani\u017e bychom kritizovali:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>\u2705 \u201eVid\u00edm, \u017ee ve\u010dern\u00ed j\u00eddlo v\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit pohodl\u00ed. Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee by mohly existovat i jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak dos\u00e1hnout podobn\u00e9ho efektu?\u201c<br>\u2705 \u201eM\u00e1te m\u00e1lo \u010dasu na va\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 to je naprosto pochopiteln\u00e9. Co si mysl\u00edte o n\u00e1padu p\u0159ipravovat si j\u00eddlo na p\u00e1r dn\u00ed p\u0159edem?\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-ab910aa4\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jak kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 posiluj\u00ed hovor o zm\u011bn\u011b<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udccc M\u00edsto: \u201eV\u00ed\u0161, \u017ee sladkosti jsou nezdrav\u00e9?\u201c<br>\u2705 Lep\u0161\u00ed se zeptat: \u201eCo byste z\u00edskal, kdybyste sn\u00ed\u017eil mno\u017estv\u00ed sladkost\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku?\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udccc M\u00edsto toho: &#8222;M\u011bl by jste j\u00edst m\u00e9n\u011b fast food j\u00eddel.&#8220;<br>\u2705 Lep\u0161\u00ed je se zeptat: &#8222;Jak se c\u00edt\u00edte po j\u00eddle z fast foodu? Je n\u011bco, co by jste cht\u011bl zm\u011bnit?&#8220; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udccc M\u00edsto: \u201ePro\u010d neva\u0159\u00ed\u0161 doma?\u201c<br>\u2705 Lep\u0161\u00ed se zeptat: \u201eCo by v\u00e1m mohlo usnadnit p\u0159\u00edpravu j\u00eddla doma?\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed mluven\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Miller a Rollnick (2013) identifikovali sedm kategori\u00ed mluven\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b, kter\u00e9 si lze zapamatovat pomoc\u00ed zkratky DARNCATS. Tyto kategorie jsou podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1ny v tabulce n\u00ed\u017ee.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-background has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#ddeaca;border-width:3px\"><thead><tr><th>Kategorie <\/th><th>Popis <\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pacienta <\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D \u2013 P\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed <\/td><td>P\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bco zm\u011bnit <\/td><td>\u201eCht\u011bl bych j\u00edst l\u00e9pe.\u201c <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A \u2013 Schopnost <\/td><td>Schopnost realizovat zm\u011bnu, pocit, \u017ee je to mo\u017en\u00e9 <\/td><td>\u201eMysl\u00edm, \u017ee kdy\u017e se o to pokus\u00edm, m\u016f\u017eu j\u00edst zdrav\u011bji.\u201c <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R \u2013 D\u016fvody <\/td><td>D\u016fvody pro zm\u011bnu <\/td><td>\u201eKdy\u017e zhubnu, budu se ve sv\u00e9m t\u011ble c\u00edtit sebev\u011bdom\u011bji.\u201c <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>N \u2013 Pot\u0159eba <\/td><td>Pot\u0159eba zm\u011bny, uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 <\/td><td>\u201eMus\u00edm zm\u011bnit j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek, proto\u017ee m\u00e1m vysokou hladinu cukru v krvi.\u201c <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C \u2013 Z\u00e1vazek <\/td><td>Z\u00e1vazek ke zm\u011bn\u011b, otev\u0159en\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed <\/td><td>\u201eOde dne\u0161ka si budu pl\u00e1novat j\u00eddla na cel\u00fd t\u00fdden.\u201c <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A \u2013 Aktivace <\/td><td>P\u0159ipravenost na zm\u011bnu <\/td><td>\u201eM\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee jsem p\u0159ipraven za\u010d\u00edt j\u00edst pravideln\u011b.\u201c <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T \u2013 Podniknut\u00ed krok\u016f <\/td><td>Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed krok\u016f ke zm\u011bn\u011b <\/td><td>\u201eV\u010dera jsem \u0161el nakupovat a nakoupil si zdrav\u00e9 j\u00eddlo.\u201c <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chcete-li klienta povzbudit k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1jmu o zm\u011bnu, m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt ot\u00e1zky inspirovan\u00e9 r\u00e1mcem DARNCATS.<br>P\u0159\u00edklady ot\u00e1zek pro klienta: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed: \u201eJak byste cht\u011bl, aby v\u00e1\u0161 j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek vypadal za p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f?\u201c <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Schopnost: &#8222;Co by v\u00e1m mohlo pomoci ud\u011blat mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve va\u0161ich stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch?&#8220; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u016fvody: &#8222;Co byste z\u00edskal, kdyby jste omezil sladkosti?&#8220; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pot\u0159eba: \u201eJak\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika v\u00e1s nut\u00ed p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o zm\u011bn\u011b?\u201c <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Z\u00e1vazek: &#8222;Co byste dnes mohl ud\u011blat pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku?&#8220; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aktivace (p\u0159ipravenost): &#8222;Jak jste na stupnici od 1 do 10 p\u0159ipraven ud\u011blat zm\u011bnu?&#8220; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kroky: &#8222;Ud\u011blal jste ji\u017e n\u011bco pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f?&#8220; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Strategie pro pos\u00edlen\u00ed hovoru o zm\u011bn\u011b<br>Po vyslechnut\u00ed mluven\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt techniky, kter\u00e9 ji pos\u00edl\u00ed: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch aspekt\u016f: \u201eJe skv\u011bl\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edte o pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku. Co jin\u00e9ho byste mohl d\u011blat?\u201c <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prohlouben\u00ed reflexe: \u201ePro\u010d je pro v\u00e1s tato zm\u011bna d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1?\u201c <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Shrnut\u00ed klientova tvrzen\u00ed &#8222;Tak\u017ee \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te, \u017ee byste cht\u011bl j\u00edst zdrav\u011bji, proto\u017ee byste m\u011bl v\u00edce energie a c\u00edtil se v lep\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1lad\u011b?&#8220; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3954ce41 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-68023b45\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>U\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak posoudit p\u0159ipravenost klienta na zm\u011bnu, je pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lovac\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: &#8222;Na stupnici od 0 do 10, jakou m\u00e1te motivaci za\u010d\u00edt cvi\u010dit?&#8220;<br> <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pot\u00e9, co klient odpov\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete pokra\u010dovat: &#8222;Pro\u010d jste si vybral 6 a ne 3?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-93da22c7\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed efektivn\u00edho a neefektivn\u00edho \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti klienta na zm\u011bnu <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-background has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#ddeaca;border-width:3px\"><thead><tr><th>Typ \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad ot\u00e1zky <\/th><th>Pro\u010d to funguje nebo nefunguje <\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u2705 Dobr\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/td><td>\u201eNa stupnici od 0 do 10, kde 0 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nejste v\u016fbec p\u0159ipraveni a 10 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jste pln\u011b p\u0159ipraveni na zm\u011bnu, jak byste ohodnotili svou p\u0159ipravenost omezit energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje?\u201c <\/td><td>Tato ot\u00e1zka umo\u017e\u0148uje klientovi posoudit vlastn\u00ed p\u0159ipravenost, vyb\u00edz\u00ed k zamy\u0161len\u00ed a vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se tlaku. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u274c \u0160patn\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/td><td>&#8222;Jste p\u0159ipravena na zm\u011bnu, \u017ee? Mo\u017en\u00e1 kolem 8 nebo 9?&#8220; <\/td><td>Nazna\u010den\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat obrannou reakci a odradit od up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2705 Dobr\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/td><td>&#8222;Dob\u0159e, \u0159ekl jste, \u017ee va\u0161e p\u0159ipravenost je na 5. Co z toho d\u011bl\u00e1 5 a ne 3 nebo 4?&#8220; <\/td><td>Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 klientovi rozpoznat pozitivn\u00ed aspekty jeho motivace a posiluje rozhovor o zm\u011bn\u011b. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u274c \u0160patn\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/td><td>&#8222;Pro\u010d jen 5? M\u011bl byste cht\u00edt zm\u011bnu v\u00edc ne\u017e to.&#8220; <\/td><td>Vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pocity viny a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k odporu ke zm\u011bn\u011b. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2705 Dobr\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/td><td>\u201eCo by v\u00e1m mohlo pomoci zv\u00fd\u0161it va\u0161e \u010d\u00edslo o jeden nebo dva body?\u201c <\/td><td>Povzbuzuje klienta, aby zkoumal vlastn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a pl\u00e1noval realistick\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed kroky. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u274c \u0160patn\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/td><td>&#8222;Pro\u010d nejsi na 10? To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro va\u0161e zdrav\u00ed.&#8220; <\/td><td>Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tlak a negativn\u00ed emoce, kter\u00e9 mohou ukon\u010dit otev\u0159enou, up\u0159\u00edmnou komunikaci. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-2e632fcc3a902ed6bb8b4a07b5389d19 wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Simulace konverzace: DARNCATS v praxi<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-a28a756e alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kontext:<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice hovo\u0159\u00ed s mladou \u017eenou (Karol\u00edna, 23 let), kter\u00e1 bojuje s depresemi a konzumuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f. C\u00edlem rozhovoru je podpo\u0159it ji ve zm\u011bn\u011b stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm motiva\u010dn\u00edch rozhovor\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na technik\u00e1ch DARNCATS.<br> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/15772be0-46fa-48be-8ffe-f37135a1ad3f\" alt=\"Forma\"> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>\ud83d\udd39 D \u2013 P\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny<\/strong><\/strong><br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;Karol\u00edno, zm\u00ednila jste, \u017ee pijete pom\u011brn\u011b hodn\u011b energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lela jste n\u011bkdy o tom, jak by v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot mohl vypadat, kdybyste jich vypila m\u00e9n\u011b?&#8220; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karol\u00edna: &#8222;Ano&#8230; N\u011bkdy si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee by bylo fajn je nepot\u0159ebovat ka\u017ed\u00fd den. Mo\u017en\u00e1 bych se b\u011bhem dne c\u00edtila m\u00e9n\u011b unaven\u00e1.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf<strong> Technika: Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk pom\u00e1h\u00e1 Karol\u00edn\u011b rozpoznat jej\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39<strong> A \u2013 Schopnost \u2013 V\u00edra, \u017ee zm\u011bna je mo\u017en\u00e1<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;Zm\u00ednila jste, \u017ee by jste r\u00e1da omezila energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje. Co si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee by v\u00e1m s t\u00edm mohlo pomoci?&#8220;<br><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karol\u00edna: &#8222;Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee bych mohla zkusit p\u00edt v\u00edc vody nebo naj\u00edt jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak se c\u00edtit v\u00edce povzbuzen\u00e1&#8230; Ale nejsem si jist\u00e1, jestli to dok\u00e1\u017eu, proto\u017ee je to m\u016fj zvyk u\u017e dlouho.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;To zn\u00ed jako v\u00fdzva, ale v\u0161imla jsem si, \u017ee u\u017e m\u00e1te n\u011bjak\u00e9 n\u00e1pady na alternativy. To je opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9! Co by v\u00e1m mohlo pomoci uskute\u010dnit tento pl\u00e1n?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Technika: Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice posiluje Karol\u00edninu v\u00edru ve sv\u00e9 schopnosti t\u00edm, \u017ee upozor\u0148uje na jej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1pady.<\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-987\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udd39<\/strong><strong> R \u2013 D\u016fvody \u2013 Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro zm\u011bnu<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;A co si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee by jste z\u00edskala omezen\u00edm energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f?&#8220;<br><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karol\u00edna: &#8222;Asi bych l\u00e9pe spala, nem\u011bla bych ty n\u00e1hl\u00e9 poklesy energie&#8230; Krom\u011b toho v\u00edm, \u017ee ty n\u00e1poje nejsou zdrav\u00e9 a moje t\u011blo je u\u017e tak oslaben\u00e9.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Technika: Karol\u00edna uv\u00e1d\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro zm\u011bnu, co\u017e posiluje jej\u00ed motivaci.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-988\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>N \u2013 Pot\u0159eba \u2013 Zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitosti zm\u011bny<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;\u0158\u00edk\u00e1te, \u017ee va\u0161e t\u011blo je oslaben\u00e9 a \u017ee v\u00e1m tyto n\u00e1poje ned\u011blaj\u00ed dob\u0159e. Jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je pro v\u00e1s s t\u00edm n\u011bco ud\u011blat?&#8220;<br><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karol\u00edna: &#8222;Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee je to opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9&#8230; Doktor mi \u0159ekl, \u017ee m\u00e1m nedostatek vitam\u00edn\u016f a \u017ee k\u00e1va a energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje to mohou zhor\u0161ovat. N\u011bkdy m\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee bych s t\u00edm m\u011bla n\u011bco ud\u011blat, ale chyb\u00ed mi motivace.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf Technika: Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice pom\u00e1h\u00e1 Karol\u00edn\u011b rozpoznat, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je pro ni tato zm\u011bna. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-989\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>C \u2013 Z\u00e1vazek \u2013 Jasn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o akci<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;Pokud to pova\u017eujete za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, jak\u00fd by mohl b\u00fdt v\u00e1\u0161 prvn\u00ed krok k t\u00e9to zm\u011bn\u011b?&#8220;<br><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karol\u00edna: &#8222;Mo\u017en\u00e1 zkus\u00edm p\u00edt o jeden energetick\u00fd n\u00e1poj denn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b a nahradit ho vodou nebo citronov\u00fdm \u010dajem?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Technika: Karolina si sama definuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed krok, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje jej\u00ed pocit kontroly nad zm\u011bnou.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-992\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd39<strong> A \u2013 Aktivace (P\u0159ipravenost k akci) \u2013 Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti ke zm\u011bn\u011b<br>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;To zn\u00ed jako dobr\u00fd pl\u00e1n! Na stupnici od 1 do 10, kde 1 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nejste v\u016fbec p\u0159ipravena, a 10 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jste pln\u011b p\u0159ipravena jednat \u2013 jak by jste ohodnotila svou p\u0159ipravenost na tuto zm\u011bnu?&#8220;<br><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karol\u00edna: &#8222;Mo\u017en\u00e1 6. R\u00e1da bych to ud\u011blala, ale ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee se mi to nepoda\u0159\u00ed.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Technika: Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice kontroluje Karol\u00edninu p\u0159ipravenost na zm\u011bnu a m\u016f\u017ee ji povzbudit k zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad t\u00edm, co by mohlo zv\u00fd\u0161it jej\u00ed motivaci.<\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-991\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>\ud83d\udd39 T \u2013 Podniknut\u00ed krok\u016f (Prvn\u00ed kroky)\u2013 Kroky ke zm\u011bn\u011b<\/strong><\/strong><br><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;To je skv\u011bl\u00e9, \u017ee jste na \u00farovni 6! Co by v\u00e1m mohlo pomoci posunout se na 7 nebo 8?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karolina: &#8222;Mo\u017en\u00e1 kdybych m\u011bla v telefonu jasn\u00fd pl\u00e1n a upom\u00ednky&#8230; nebo kdyby m\u011b n\u011bkdo podporoval.&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice: &#8222;To zn\u00ed jako skv\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1pad! Mo\u017en\u00e1 by jste si pro za\u010d\u00e1tek mohla zkusit zapsat, kolik energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f si ka\u017ed\u00fd den d\u00e1te a uvid\u00edme, jak to bude vypadat b\u011bhem t\u00fddne?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karol\u00edna: \u201eAno, to bych mohla ud\u011blat. Zkus\u00edm za\u010d\u00edt z\u00edtra!\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Technika: Karol\u00edna jasn\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jednat, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje jej\u00ed \u0161ance na \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-ccb6b272 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b42860b2\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Shrnut\u00ed simulace: Konverzace vyu\u017eila v\u0161ech sedm kategori\u00ed DARNCATS: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2705 P\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 Karolina by r\u00e1da pila m\u00e9n\u011b energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f. <br>\u2705 Schopnost \u2013 P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed o tom, co by j\u00ed mohlo pomoci toho dos\u00e1hnout. <br>\u2705 D\u016fvody \u2013 Uv\u011bdomuje si, \u017ee omezen\u00ed by mohlo zlep\u0161it jej\u00ed sp\u00e1nek a zdrav\u00ed. <br>\u2705 Pot\u0159eba \u2013 Uv\u011bdomuje si, \u017ee zm\u011bna je pro jej\u00ed t\u011blo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. <br>\u2705 Z\u00e1vazek \u2013 Prohla\u0161uje, \u017ee se pokus\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit svou spot\u0159ebu. <br>\u2705 Aktivace \u2013 Hodnot\u00ed svou p\u0159ipravenost na zm\u011bnu. <br>\u2705 Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed krok\u016f \u2013 Podnik\u00e1 kroky (sleduje svou spot\u0159ebu). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pro\u010d strategie DARNCATS v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Karol\u00edny funguje? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1tlak \u2013 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice Karol\u00ednu ke zm\u011bn\u011b nenut\u00ed, ale nech\u00e1v\u00e1 ji, aby se rozhodla sama. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Karol\u00edna m\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u0161e pod kontrolou \u2013 prvn\u00ed kr\u016f\u010dky si definuje sama, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje jej\u00ed anga\u017eovanost. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Budov\u00e1n\u00ed motivace \u2013 pos\u00edlen\u00ed diskuse o zm\u011bn\u011b vede k postupn\u00e9mu zapojen\u00ed do procesu. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-279f705a\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-990\" style=\"width:20px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-coblocks-dynamic-separator has-background has-ast-global-color-1-color is-style-fullwidth\" style=\"height:50px\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sensei-content-description has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>1.2.3. Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-107b71ea alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-fbeda3cf\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny<\/strong> je z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou f\u00e1z\u00ed motiva\u010dn\u00edho rozhovoru, ve kter\u00e9m klient p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed od reflexe sv\u00e9 situace k p\u0159ijet\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch krok\u016f. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 transformovat motivaci do realistick\u00fdch krok\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou provediteln\u00e9 a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 mo\u017enostem klienta.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-d7e643a3\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-e5160c3b\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Efektivn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn je zalo\u017eeno na principu SMART, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 stanovit si c\u00edle, kter\u00e9 jsou:<br>\u2705 S \u2013 Specifick\u00e9<br>\u2705 M \u2013 M\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9<br>\u2705 A \u2013 Dosa\u017eiteln\u00e9<br>\u2705 R \u2013 Relevantn\u00ed<br>\u2705 T \u2013 \u010casov\u011b ohrani\u010den\u00e9<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success wp-block-paragraph\">Pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159echodu klienta od my\u0161len\u00ed k \u010dinu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <strong>Brief Action Planning (BAP) &#8211; kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 metoda pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e1 na \u010dty\u0159ech z\u00e1kladn\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-e1319a2b alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kroky stru\u010dn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed akc\u00ed (BAP)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-2568a343\">\n<ul start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Krok 1: Stanoven\u00ed c\u00edle \u2013 \u201eJe n\u011bco, co byste cht\u011bl ud\u011blat pro sv\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed?\u201c<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00da\u010del: <\/strong>klient si vybere konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblast, na kter\u00e9 chce pracovat.<br><br>Pokud dan\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nem\u00e1 pon\u011bt\u00ed, kde za\u010d\u00edt, pracovn\u00edk mu m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1t &#8222;nab\u00eddku mo\u017enost\u00ed&#8220;, nap\u0159.:<br>&#8222;N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 se rozhodnou sn\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159\u00edjem cukru ve strav\u011b, jin\u00ed za\u010dnou pl\u00e1novat pravideln\u00e1 j\u00eddla. Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho?&#8220;<br><br>Uk\u00e1zka konverzace:<br>Pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Je n\u011bco, co byste cht\u011bl zm\u011bnit ve sv\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch n\u011bkolika t\u00fddnech?&#8220;<br>Klient: &#8222;Ano, r\u00e1d bych omezil energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje.&#8220; <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-7613e0df\">\n<ul start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Krok 2: Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazku \u2013 \u201eM\u016f\u017eete zopakovat, co chcete d\u011blat?\u201c<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00da\u010del<\/strong>: Klient nahlas vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed sv\u016fj pl\u00e1n, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje \u0161anci, \u017ee ho dodr\u017e\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Uk\u00e1zka konverzace<\/strong>:<br>Pracovn\u00edk: &#8222;Skv\u011bl\u00e9! M\u016f\u017eete mi p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159\u00edci, co m\u00e1te v \u00famyslu ud\u011blat?&#8220;<br>Klient: &#8222;Chci sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f, kter\u00e9 denn\u011b zkonzumuji.&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f2c7be6c\">\n<ul start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Krok 3: Hodnocen\u00ed sebed\u016fv\u011bry \u2013 \u201eJak moc si jste jist, \u017ee to dok\u00e1\u017eete?\u201c<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00da\u010del<\/strong>: Klient hodnot\u00ed svou sebed\u016fv\u011bru na stupnici od 0 do 10.<br>Pokud je odpov\u011b\u010f ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 7, terapeut mu pom\u016f\u017ee upravit pl\u00e1n tak, aby byl l\u00e9pe dosa\u017eiteln\u00fd.<br><br><strong>Uk\u00e1zka konverzace:<\/strong><br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eNa stupnici od 0 do 10, kde 0 znamen\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou sebed\u016fv\u011bru a 10 znamen\u00e1 plnou sebed\u016fv\u011bru, jak moc si jste jist\u00fd, \u017ee to dok\u00e1\u017eete?\u201c<br>Klient: \u201eMysl\u00edm, \u017ee na 5.\u201c<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eCo by v\u00e1m mohlo pomoci zv\u00fd\u0161it tuto sebed\u016fv\u011bru na 7 nebo 8?\u201c<br>Klient: \u201eMo\u017en\u00e1 kdybych jeden energetick\u00fd n\u00e1poj nahradil m\u00e1tov\u00fdm \u010dajem nebo citronovou vodou, bylo by to jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed.\u201c<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eTo je dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad! Mo\u017en\u00e1 byste pro za\u010d\u00e1tek mohl zkusit nahradit jen jeden energetick\u00fd n\u00e1poj denn\u011b?\u201c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-26e8d5ff\">\n<ul start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Krok 4: Poskytnut\u00ed podpory a nastaven\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 komunikace \u2013 \u201eChcete si domluvit sch\u016fzku?\u201c<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00da\u010del<\/strong>: Klient si zvol\u00ed, jak bude sledovat sv\u016fj pokrok \u2013 nap\u0159. psan\u00ed den\u00edku, mobiln\u00ed aplikace nebo n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 konverzace.<br><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad konverzace:<\/strong><br>Pracovn\u00edk \u201eCht\u011bl byste n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem sledovat sv\u016fj pokrok? Mohli bychom si domluvit dal\u0161\u00ed sch\u016fzku, nebo byste mohl sledovat, kolik energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f denn\u011b vypijete.\u201c<br>Klient: \u201eMysl\u00edm, \u017ee si to zap\u00ed\u0161u do se\u0161itu a p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017eu \u0159\u00edct, jak to \u0161lo.\u201c<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eZn\u00ed to skv\u011ble! Sejdeme se za t\u00fdden a probereme si, co se povedlo.\u201c <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;background-color:#d8edb4;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);flex-basis:80%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> V\u00fdchoz\u00ed situace: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anna, 24 let, vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e1 studentka, trp\u00ed depresemi a chronickou \u00fanavou. Pije 3\u20134 energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje denn\u011b a v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee j\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed soust\u0159edit se a udr\u017eet si energii. Jej\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 poznamenal, \u017ee by to mohlo zhor\u0161it jej\u00ed probl\u00e9my se sp\u00e1nkem a zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00fazkost. Anna chce ud\u011blat zm\u011bnu, ale nev\u00ed, kde za\u010d\u00edt.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stru\u010dn\u00fd proces ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed (BAP)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd38 <strong>Krok 1<\/strong>: Stanoven\u00ed c\u00edle<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eJe n\u011bco, co byste cht\u011bla zm\u011bnit ve sv\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch?\u201c<br>Anna: \u201eAno, chci sn\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159\u00edjem energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f.\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd38 <strong>Krok 2<\/strong>: Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazku<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eSkv\u011bl\u00e9! Jak p\u0159esn\u011b byste to cht\u011bla ud\u011blat?\u201c<br>Anna: \u201eM\u00edsto 3\u20134 plechovek denn\u011b se omez\u00edm maxim\u00e1ln\u011b na 2.\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd38<strong>Krok 3<\/strong>: Posouzen\u00ed sebed\u016fv\u011bry<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eJak moc si jste jist\u00e1, \u017ee to dok\u00e1\u017eete? 0 znamen\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bra, 10 znamen\u00e1 pln\u00e1 sebed\u016fv\u011bra.\u201c<br>Anna: \u201eMo\u017en\u00e1 6\u2026 Boj\u00edm se, \u017ee budu unaven\u00e1.\u201c<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eCo by mohlo pomoci zv\u00fd\u0161it va\u0161i sebed\u016fv\u011bru?\u201c<br>Anna: \u201eMohla bych zkusit p\u00edt v\u00edce vody a nahradit jeden energetick\u00fd n\u00e1poj zelen\u00fdm \u010dajem.\u201c<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eTo je skv\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1pad! Zkus\u00edte tu zm\u011bnu na t\u00fdden?\u201c<br>Anna: \u201eAno, m\u016f\u017eu to zkusit.\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd38<strong>Krok 4<\/strong>: Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a podpora<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eJak byste cht\u011bla sledovat sv\u016fj pokrok?\u201c<br>Anna: \u201eZap\u00ed\u0161u si, kolik drink\u016f si ka\u017ed\u00fd den d\u00e1m.\u201c<br>Pracovn\u00edk: \u201eZn\u00ed to jako dobr\u00fd pl\u00e1n. Sejdeme se znovu za t\u00fdden a probereme, jak to \u0161lo.\u201c <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-1-color has-ast-global-color-5-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><strong>INTERAKTIVN\u00cd AKTIVITA 44<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-560\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"560\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 44-Q1-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-09cd7a71\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-561\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"561\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 44-Q2-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-4a486644\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-562\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"562\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 44-Q3-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-88900dae\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-563\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"563\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 44-Q4-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-background has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#ddeaca;border-width:3px\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bibliografie<\/strong>  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Miller, W. R. (\u010dervenec 2022). Motiva\u010dn\u00ed rozhovory: V\u00fdvoj a nov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj [Webin\u00e1\u0159]. Plen\u00e1rn\u00ed projev prezentovan\u00fd na Columbia School of Social Work. Miller, W. R., &amp; Rollnick, S. (2013). Motiva\u010dn\u00ed rozhovory: Pomoc lidem ke zm\u011bn\u011b (3. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed). The Guilford Press. Cole, S. A., Sannidhi, D., Jadotte, Y. T., &amp; Rozanski, A. (2023). Vyu\u017eit\u00ed motiva\u010dn\u00edch rozhovor\u016f a kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed k osvojen\u00ed a udr\u017een\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 77, 86\u201394.         https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.02.003\n <strong><\/strong> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sensei-content-description has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>1.3.  <strong>P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed komunikace kognitivn\u00ed a motiva\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovni klienta.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00darove\u0148 kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed <\/strong>\u2013 tedy to, jak klient vn\u00edm\u00e1 okoln\u00ed realitu, pamatuje si a zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace \u2013 p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje to, jak ch\u00e1pe sv\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee a jak hodnot\u00ed svou schopnost implementovat zm\u011bny. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech nen\u00ed zcela mo\u017en\u00e9 realisticky zhodnotit jak jeho situaci, tak jeho schopnost prov\u00e9st nezbytn\u00e9 zm\u011bny.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mnoho lid\u00ed s du\u0161evn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed (nap\u0159. schizofrenie, deprese, bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed porucha, \u00fazkostn\u00e9 poruchy) m\u016f\u017ee trp\u011bt kognitivn\u00edm deficitem \u2013 i kdy\u017e to nen\u00ed &#8222;na prvn\u00ed pohled&#8220; okam\u017eit\u011b viditeln\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V souvislosti se zm\u011bnou stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f to m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>klient nemus\u00ed rozum\u011bt doporu\u010den\u00edm t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edm se zdrav\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy, <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>m\u016f\u017ee zapomenout, co a kdy by m\u011bl j\u00edst, <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nemus\u00ed si v\u0161imnout souvislosti mezi j\u00eddlem a vlatn\u00ed well-being\/pohodou, <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>m\u016f\u017ee se c\u00edtit zahlcen p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm informac\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed jazyka a zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm jsou informace poskytov\u00e1ny<\/strong>, zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee jim klient porozum\u00ed a bude schopen ud\u011blat prvn\u00ed krok ke zm\u011bn\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Praktick\u00e9 tipy \u2013 jak upravit komunikaci<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zajist\u011bte dobrou atmosf\u00e9ru a podm\u00ednky pro konverzaci a p\u0159izp\u016fsobte tempo sv\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di schopnostem klienta.<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udd38 P\u0159\u00edklad: Pokud se klient nech\u00e1 snadno rozpt\u00fdlit, vypn\u011bte telefon, zav\u0159ete dve\u0159e, mluvte pomaleji a sledujte, zda klient ch\u00e1pe va\u0161e sd\u011blen\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edvejte jednoduch\u00fd, b\u011b\u017en\u00fd jazyk<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udd38 M\u00edsto: \u201ePros\u00edm, zvy\u0161te p\u0159\u00edjem vl\u00e1kniny\u201c<br>\ud83d\udd38 \u0158ekn\u011bte: \u201eZkuste si ka\u017ed\u00fd den d\u00e1t jablko nebo kraj\u00edc celozrnn\u00e9ho chleba \u2013 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 to s tr\u00e1ven\u00edm a n\u00e1ladou.\u201c <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rozd\u011blte informace na men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti a opakujte je<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udd38 <em>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/em>: Neprob\u00edrejte cel\u00fd denn\u00ed j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek najednou \u2013 za\u010dn\u011bte sn\u00eddan\u00ed.<br>\ud83d\udd38 \u0158ekn\u011bte: \u201eZat\u00edm se zam\u011b\u0159me jen na sn\u00eddani \u2013 z\u00edtra r\u00e1no zkuste sn\u00edst n\u011bco tepl\u00e9ho, nap\u0159\u00edklad ovesnou ka\u0161i.\u201c <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edvejte psan\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky nebo jednoduch\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed prvky<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udd38 <em>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/em>: Vytvo\u0159te s klientem pozn\u00e1mku se t\u0159emi n\u00e1pady na zdrav\u00fd ob\u011bd a nalepte ji na ledni\u010dku. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pokl\u00e1dejte kontroln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, abyste se ujistili, \u017ee klient rozum\u00ed \u2013 bez odsuzov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udd38 <em>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/em>: \u201eCht\u011bl byste zopakovat, na \u010dem jsme se spole\u010dn\u011b dohodli?\u201c, \u201eJak tomu rozum\u00edte?\u201c, \u201eCo si pamatujete z tohoto rozhovoru?\u201c <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"6\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dejte mo\u017enost volby a posilujte pocit kontroly \u2013 ne\u0159\u00edkejte \u201emus\u00edte\u201c.<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udd38 <em>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/em>: \u201eDnes byste mohli m\u00edsto koly zkusit vodu \u2013 co mysl\u00edte, mohli byste to zkusit jednou denn\u011b?\u201c <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"7\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Posilujte a oce\u0148ujte mal\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy<\/strong><br>\ud83d\udd38 <em>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/em>: \u201eSkv\u011bl\u00e9, \u017ee jste si koupil jablka \u2013 to je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok. Jsem r\u00e1d, \u017ee se v\u00e1m to poda\u0159ilo!\u201c <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-7fb7b921 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch kognitivn\u00edch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a jejich v\u00fdznam p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s pacientem\/klientem: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-1abcf5a4\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KONTROLN\u00cd SEZNAM PRO SOCI\u00c1LN\u00cdHO PRACOVN\u00cdKA<\/strong><br>Jak rozpoznat kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti klienta a upravit komunikaci?<br><em>(Zejm\u00e9na v souvislosti se zm\u011bnou zdravotn\u00edch a stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f)<\/em><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/d3ea8032-5735-4799-bd42-edba607b7834\" alt=\"Forma\"> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d<strong>POZORUJTE <\/strong>\u2013 d\u011bl\u00e1 klient to, \u017ee&#8230; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Nech\u00e1v\u00e1 se rychle rozpt\u00fdlit nebo se b\u011bhem konverzace &#8222;vypne&#8220; \u2013 co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ztr\u00e1c\u00ed z\u00e1jem o diskusi? <br>\u2610 Pot\u0159ebuje v\u00edce \u010dasu na zodpov\u011bzen\u00ed va\u0161ich ot\u00e1zek? <br>\u2610 \u010casto \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o vysv\u011btlen\u00ed nebo o zopakov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed? <br>\u2610 Klade ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee doslovn\u011b rozum\u00ed va\u0161im slov\u016fm?<br> <br>\u2610 Zd\u00e1 se v\u00e1m,\u017ee je zahlcen, kdy\u017e diskutujete o n\u011bkolika v\u011bcech najednou? <br>\u2610 Zd\u00e1 se v\u00e1m, \u017ee zapom\u00edn\u00e1 na p\u0159edem dohodnut\u00e9 informace nebo ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83e\udde0 <strong>II. P\u0158IZP\u016eSOBUJTE SE<\/strong> \u2013 p\u0159izp\u016fsobte sv\u016fj komunika\u010dn\u00ed styl schopnostem klienta<br>\u2733\ufe0f Jazyk:<br>\u2610 Pou\u017e\u00edvejte jednoduch\u00e1 slova a kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 v\u011bty<br>\u2610 Vyh\u00fdbejte se l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9mu \u017eargonu a slo\u017eit\u00fdm term\u00edn\u016fm<br>\u2610 Vysv\u011btlete jak\u00fdkoli term\u00edn, kter\u00fd by mohl b\u00fdt nejasn\u00fd <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2733\ufe0f Zp\u016fsob komunikace:<br>\u2610 Rozd\u011blte informace na men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti<br>\u2610 Proberte jednu zm\u011bnu ve strav\u011b (nap\u0159. pouze sn\u00eddani)<br>\u2610 V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby pou\u017eijte pap\u00edr, kresby nebo hotov\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<br>\u2610 Navrhn\u011bte zp\u016fsoby, jak klientovi usnadnit nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. n\u00e1kupn\u00ed seznam, seznam ingredienc\u00ed pro pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 j\u00eddlo) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2733\ufe0f Tempo a styl:<br>\u2610 Mluvte pomalu, s pauzami<br>\u2610 Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee klient dr\u017e\u00ed krok \u2013 ale \u201enezkou\u0161ejte\u201c ho<br>\u2610 Poskytn\u011bte prostor pro voln\u00e9 kladen\u00ed ot\u00e1zek <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udcac <strong>III. OV\u011a\u0158TE POROZUM\u011aN\u00cd<\/strong><br>\u2610 Ptejte se na ot\u00e1zky jako: <br>\u2013 &#8222;Co jste si zapamatoval z na\u0161eho rozhovoru\/ dohody?&#8220; <br>\u2013 &#8222;Jak ch\u00e1pete to, na \u010dem jsme se dohodli?&#8220; <br>\u2013 &#8222;Chcete, abych v\u00e1m to napsal?&#8220; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2610 Pozorujte \u0159e\u010d t\u011bla \u2013 klient p\u0159ikyvuje, ale vypad\u00e1 zmaten\u011b?<br>\u2610 Vyhn\u011bte se ot\u00e1zce &#8222;Je v\u00e1m v\u0161e jasn\u00e9?&#8220; \u2013 klient m\u016f\u017ee ze zdvo\u0159ilosti \u0159\u00edci ano<br>\u2610 Povzbu\u010fte klienta, aby se v\u00e1s zeptal na ot\u00e1zky \u2013 nap\u0159. &#8222;Cht\u011bl by jste se m\u011b na n\u011bco zeptat?&#8220; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83e\udd1d<strong> IV. POSILUJTE A BUDUJTE MOTIVACI<\/strong><br>\u2610 Oce\u0148ujte ka\u017ed\u00fd pokrok, i ten nejmen\u0161\u00ed (nap\u0159. &#8222;Dnes jste zkusil n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho \u2013 to je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9!&#8220;)<br>\u2610 Nab\u00eddn\u011bte mo\u017enost volby \u2013 nevnucujte hotov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<br>\u2610 Zeptejte se: &#8222;Kde byste cht\u011bl za\u010d\u00edt?&#8220;, &#8220; S \u010d\u00edm by pro v\u00e1s bylo nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt?&#8220; <br><br><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/85c2d92d-fce7-45ec-95f8-03c47dafb13e\" alt=\"Forma\"><br><br>PAMATUJTE: P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed komunikace nen\u00ed o \u201eusnadn\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed\u201c nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed hotov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, ale kl\u00ed\u010dem k opravdov\u00e9mu porozum\u011bn\u00ed a efektivn\u00ed podpo\u0159e. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s lidmi s du\u0161evn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jasn\u00e1, klidn\u00e1 a empatick\u00e1 komunikace kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro jejich zapojen\u00ed a p\u0159ipravenost na zm\u011bnu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b074dd08 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-8fbe4d05\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159ipravenost klienta na zm\u011bnu lze posoudit pomoc\u00ed transteoretick\u00e9ho modelu zm\u011bny od Prochasky a DiClementeho, kter\u00fd byl podrobn\u011b diskutov\u00e1n v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti tohoto modulu. Tento model pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pochopit, v jak\u00e9 f\u00e1zi procesu zm\u011bny se klient nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u2013 zda si probl\u00e9m teprve za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 uv\u011bdomovat, nebo je ji\u017e p\u0159ipraven jednat. D\u00edky tomu m\u016f\u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edk l\u00e9pe p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u016fj komunika\u010dn\u00ed styl a typ poskytovan\u00e9 podpory aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni motivace klienta, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje \u0161ance na efektivn\u00ed realizaci zm\u011bny \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad zlep\u0161en\u00ed stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pravidelnosti stravov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo omezen\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-e74ca8dc\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3f890ea0 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-dfb1cc9f\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>P\u0159\u00edpad 1: Klient s depres\u00ed a n\u00edzkou motivac\u00ed (prekontempla\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1ze)<\/strong><br>Marek: 54 let, ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let trp\u00ed depresemi. M\u00e1 m\u00e1lo energie, vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se rozhovor\u016fm o zdrav\u00ed a nevid\u00ed smysl ve zm\u011bn\u011b sv\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku. Jeho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ze sladkost\u00ed a instantn\u00edch j\u00eddel. Nevid\u00ed to jako probl\u00e9m \u2013 &#8222;na tom stejn\u011b nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed&#8220;.<br><br>P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed:<br>&#8222;Marku, ch\u00e1pu, \u017ee nem\u00e1te moc energie na va\u0159en\u00ed a \u017ee jste si pro\u0161el t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm obdob\u00edm. N\u011bkdy mohou mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny \u2013 jako je vypit\u00ed sklenice vody m\u00edsto slazen\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje \u2013 m\u00edrn\u011b zlep\u0161it v\u00e1\u0161e pocity. Co si o tom mysl\u00edte?&#8220;<br><br>Pro\u010d to funguje: Sd\u011blen\u00ed je jednoduch\u00e9 a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se v\u00e1gn\u00edm fr\u00e1z\u00edm jako &#8222;mus\u00edte j\u00edst zdrav\u011b&#8220;. Nevyv\u00edj\u00ed tlak \u2013 m\u00edsto toho, aby pracovn\u00edk tla\u010dil na zm\u011bnu, povzbuzuje k refelexi. Zohled\u0148uje n\u00edzkou motivaci a kognitivn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 \u2013 navrhovan\u00e1 zm\u011bna je mal\u00e1 a realistick\u00e1. Zku\u0161enosti klienta jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ny, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 budovat d\u016fv\u011bru.<br><br>         <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>P\u0159\u00edpad 2: Klientka s \u00fazkostn\u00fdmi poruchami (f\u00e1ze kontemplace)<\/strong><br>Jolana: 30 let, trp\u00ed \u00fazkostnou poruchou. Je si v\u011bdoma toho, \u017ee jej\u00ed strava ovliv\u0148uje jej\u00ed n\u00e1ladu, ale boj\u00ed se d\u011blat zm\u011bny \u2013 boj\u00ed se selh\u00e1n\u00ed a boj\u00ed se, \u017ee to &#8222;nezvl\u00e1dne&#8220;. M\u00e1 r\u00e1da konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed informace, ale snadno se nech\u00e1 zahltit. <br><br>P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed:<br>&#8222;Jolano, zm\u00ednila jsite, \u017ee r\u00e1no se \u010dasto c\u00edt\u00edte vy\u010derpan\u00e1 a rozt\u011bkan\u00e1. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e r\u00e1no n\u011bco sn\u011bd\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad kraj\u00edc chleba se s\u00fdrem nebo ka\u0161i \u2013 pom\u016f\u017ee jim to c\u00edtit se l\u00e9pe. Byla by jste ochotna to zkusit na dva dny a uvid\u00edte, jak se budete c\u00edtit?&#8220;<br><br>Pro\u010d to funguje: Pracovn\u00edk odkazuje na emoce a p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 klientka ji\u017e rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1 (\u00fanava, rozt\u011bkanost). Sd\u011blen\u00ed je konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, bez informa\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, obsahuje jasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad j\u00eddla. D\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit kontroly a volby \u2013 n\u00e1vrh &#8222;zkou\u0161ky&#8220; sni\u017euje strach ze selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Sd\u011blen\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 pro f\u00e1zi kontemplace \u2013 nevnucuje zm\u011bnu, ale nab\u00edz\u00ed experiment.        <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sensei-content-description has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong><strong>1.4. Kognitivn\u00ed a emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed bari\u00e9ry p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed o v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b.<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-cadd78a8 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-40320f72\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee pracujete s Elou<\/strong> \u2013 48letou \u017eenou s dlouhodobou anamn\u00e9zou depres\u00ed. B\u011bhem va\u0161eho rozhovoru se zm\u00edn\u00ed, \u017ee v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b &#8222;skoro nic nej\u00ed&#8220; a \u017ee se &#8222;zase c\u00edt\u00ed vy\u010derpan\u00e1&#8220;. Kdy\u017e navrhnete, \u017ee si spole\u010dn\u011b napl\u00e1nujete zdrav\u00e9 j\u00eddlo, Ela p\u0159ik\u00fdvne, ale pak se zept\u00e1: &#8222;Tak\u017ee&#8230; co si m\u00e1m koupit? Nev\u00edm, co je v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zdrav\u00e9.&#8220; Vypad\u00e1 ohromen\u011b a zmaten\u011b. To nen\u00ed nedostatek ochoty. Je to bari\u00e9ra \u2013 kognitivn\u00ed nebo emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u2013 kter\u00e1 zt\u011b\u017euje vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed i t\u011bch nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed o v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b.      <br><br>P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s lidmi s du\u0161evn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm nesta\u010d\u00ed pouze &#8222;poskytnout znalosti&#8220; \u2013 je nezbytn\u00e9 pochopit, co by mohlo br\u00e1nit v pochopen\u00ed informac\u00ed, a pot\u00e9 tomu p\u0159izp\u016fsobit styl, tempo a typ podpory rozhovoru. Tento modul v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee rozpoznat tyto p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky a zvolit efektivn\u00ed strategie.  <br><br>Kognitivn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed s my\u0161len\u00edm, pamatov\u00e1n\u00edm, soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00edm, porozum\u011bn\u00edm a zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm informac\u00ed. \u010casto se vyskytuj\u00ed u lid\u00ed s du\u0161evn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm \u2013 n\u011bkdy trvale, n\u011bkdy do\u010dasn\u011b (nap\u0159. b\u011bhem depresivn\u00ed nebo psychotick\u00e9 epizody). I s dobrou motivac\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt klient schopen porozum\u011bt, uchovat si nebo aplikovat informace o zdrav\u00e9m stravov\u00e1n\u00ed.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-5b0905b3\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pamatujte si:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Klient m\u016f\u017ee rozum\u011bt m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e se zd\u00e1 \u2013 p\u0159ikyvov\u00e1n\u00ed ne v\u017edy znamen\u00e1 pochopen\u00ed.<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V\u017edy si ov\u011b\u0159te porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad: &#8222;M\u016f\u017eete mi \u0159\u00edct, co jste si z na\u0161eho rozhovoru zapamatoval?&#8220;<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>M\u00e9n\u011b je v\u00edce \u2013 je lep\u0161\u00ed efektivn\u011b komunikovat jednu v\u011bc ne\u017e p\u011bt v\u011bc\u00ed chaoticky.<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-0b7da50c alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-c26c832c\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed bari\u00e9ry br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed o v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159edstavte si Artura<\/strong> \u2013 35 let, s n\u011bkolika psychiatrick\u00fdmi hospitalizacemi a diagn\u00f3zou bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed poruchy. P\u0159i jedn\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b se dychtiv\u011b bav\u00ed o zdrav\u00e9m stravov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee &#8222;pot\u0159ebuje n\u011bco zm\u011bnit&#8220;, ale o t\u00fdden pozd\u011bji se t\u00e9matu vyh\u00fdb\u00e1, povzdechne si a \u0159ekne: &#8222;Nem\u00e1 to smysl, stejn\u011b to nezm\u011bn\u00edm.&#8220; Toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed rozmar \u2013 pramen\u00ed z emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed bari\u00e9ry ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed jeho p\u0159ipravenost jednat.   <br><br>Lid\u00e9 s du\u0161evn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm \u010dasto bojuj\u00ed s intenzivn\u00edmi, n\u011bkdy extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi emocemi \u2013 jako je \u00fazkost, stud, bezmoc nebo frustrace \u2013 kter\u00e9 jim zt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch informac\u00ed a rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v tak osobn\u00edm t\u00e9matu, jako je j\u00eddlo. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-7ade0894\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed bari\u00e9ry a co s nimi m\u016f\u017eete d\u011blat<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-db420a24 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kroky stru\u010dn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed akc\u00ed (BAP)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-0b105cf9\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Strach ze zm\u011bny<\/strong><br>Klient se boj\u00ed, \u017ee to nezvl\u00e1dne, \u017ee se n\u011bco pokaz\u00ed nebo \u017ee zm\u011bna bude p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1. M\u016f\u017ee se vyh\u00fdbat rozhovor\u016fm o sv\u00e9m stravov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo reagovat na n\u00e1vrhy s nap\u011bt\u00edm.<br>Co m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat:<br>\u2022 Uznejte\/normalizujte emoce: <em>\u201eJe p\u0159irozen\u00e9 c\u00edtit strach \u2013 i mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny mohou u v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed zp\u016fsobit \u00fazkost.\u201c<\/em><br>\u2022 Sni\u017ete tlak: \u201e<em>Toto je jen n\u00e1vrh \u2013 nemus\u00edme o tom mluvit ani za\u010d\u00ednat dnes.\u201c<\/em><br>\u2022 Nab\u00eddn\u011bte experiment: \u201e<em>M\u016f\u017eete to zkusit jen jeden den a uvid\u00edte, jak se budete c\u00edtit.\u201c<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-46bd108b\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. N\u00edzk\u00e9 sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed typu: \u201eNedok\u00e1\u017eu to.\u201c<\/strong><br>Klient nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee n\u011bco zm\u011bnit \u2013 m\u016f\u017ee \u0159\u00edkat v\u011bci jako:<em> \u201eNikdy jsem to nezvl\u00e1dl\u201c, \u201eNev\u00edm, jak va\u0159it,\u201c nebo \u201eNa tohle prost\u011b nejsem stvo\u0159en\u00fd.\u201c<\/em><br>Jak podpo\u0159it:<br>\u2022 Zd\u016frazn\u011bte mikro\u00fasp\u011bchy: <em>\u201eZvl\u00e1dl jste nakupovat \u2013 to u\u017e je krok!\u201c<\/em><br>\u2022 Vyhn\u011bte se pou\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 mluvte podp\u016frn\u011b: <em>\u201eZn\u00e1m mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed c\u00edtili tot\u00e9\u017e, a p\u0159esto to zkusili.\u201c<\/em><br>\u2022 Navrhn\u011bte, abyste n\u011bco d\u011blali spole\u010dn\u011b: \u201e<em>Cht\u011bl byste, abych v\u00e1m uk\u00e1zal, jak p\u0159ipravit jednoduch\u00fd a zdrav\u00fd sal\u00e1t?<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-d213aca1\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Stud a strach z odsouzen\u00ed<\/strong><br>Klient se m\u016f\u017ee styd\u011bt za sv\u00e9 stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky, v\u00e1hu nebo rutinu. Stud m\u016f\u017ee blokovat otev\u0159enost a v\u00e9st k odta\u017eitosti.<br>Jak pomoci:<br>\u2022 Nikdy nesu\u010fte ani nekomentujte vzhled, v\u00e1hu ani chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<br>\u2022 Pou\u017e\u00edvejte neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed a empatick\u00fd jazyk: <em>\u201eJe dob\u0159e, \u017ee o tom mluv\u00edte \u2013 mnoho lid\u00ed se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s podobn\u00fdmi v\u011bcmi.\u201c<\/em><br>\u2022 Zajist\u011bte soukrom\u00ed \u2013 ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee konverzace prob\u00edh\u00e1 v klidn\u00e9m a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-d3d1575a\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Deprese, apatie, nedostatek energie<\/strong><br>Klient \u201e<em>chce n\u011bco zm\u011bnit\u201c, ale \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eNem\u00e1m na to energii\u201c, \u201eNevid\u00edm v tom smysl\u201c, \u201eNev\u00edm, pro\u010d bych to d\u011blal.<\/em>\u201c M\u016f\u017ee to vzd\u00e1t je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e za\u010dne.<br>Jak klienta podpo\u0159it:<br>\u2022 Upravte tempo: <em>\u201eZa\u010dn\u011bme s jednou v\u011bc\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad zkuste si je\u0161t\u011b dnes d\u00e1t tepl\u00e9 j\u00eddlo.\u201c<\/em><br>\u2022 Zeptejte se klienta, co je pro n\u011bj nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u2013 stavte na tom.<br>\u2022 Ujist\u011bte ho, \u017ee se po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed i mal\u00e9 kroky:<em><em> \u201eNemus\u00edte m\u011bnit v\u0161echno najednou \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00e1 mali\u010dkost m\u00e1 sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam.\u201c<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-beb35f07\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Hn\u011bv nebo frustrace<\/strong><br>N\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee t\u00e9ma stravy vyvolat hn\u011bv<em>: \u201ePro\u010d o tom v\u016fbec mluv\u00edme?<\/em>\u201c <em>\u201eNa to nem\u00e1m \u010das\u201c,<\/em> \u201e<em>U\u017e jsem to tolikr\u00e1t zkou\u0161el!\u201c To m\u016f\u017ee signalizovat, \u017ee se klient c\u00edt\u00ed nepochopen, <\/em> pod tlakem nebo zahlcen\u00fd.<br>Jak reagovat:<br>\u2022 Neh\u00e1dejte se \u2013 nechte prostor pro emoce: \u201e<em>Vid\u00edm, \u017ee toto t\u00e9ma vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 m\u016f\u017eeme si o tom klidn\u011b promluvit pozd\u011bji.\u201c<\/em><br>\u2022 Netla\u010dte na pilu \u2013 navrhn\u011bte odlo\u017een\u00ed: <em>\u201eCht\u011bl byste dnes rad\u011bji mluvit o n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m?\u201c<\/em><br>\u2022 Nezapome\u0148te se k t\u00e9matu vr\u00e1tit, jakmile se emoce uklidn\u00ed. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pamatujte si:<\/strong> <br><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Emoce jsou kl\u00ed\u010dem ke zm\u011bn\u011b \u2013 nikoli p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou. Pokud jim porozum\u00edte, budete pom\u00e1hat efektivn\u011bji ne\u017e jak\u00e1koliv p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka. <\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed emoc\u00ed klienta je prvn\u00edm krokem k budov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry a p\u0159ipravenosti ke spolupr\u00e1ci.<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zm\u011bna stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f je velmi osobn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost \u2013 je t\u0159eba k n\u00ed p\u0159istupovat velmi citliv\u011b.<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-1-color has-ast-global-color-5-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><strong><strong>INTERAKTIVN\u00cd AKTIVITA 45<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-564\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"564\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 45-Q1-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-f9576ee6\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-565\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"565\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CVI\u010cEN\u00cd 45-Q2-MODUL 5\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-f643d187 wp-block-uagb-separator--icon\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><div 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Identifikace f\u00e1z\u00ed zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed, anal\u00fdza ambivalence a vyu\u017eit\u00ed komunikace -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V t\u00e9to lekci si uk\u00e1\u017eeme f\u00e1ze zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed, budeme analyzovat ambivalentn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed a budeme vyu\u017e\u00edvat komunikaci.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/cs\/lesson\/moodbites-training-module5-lesson1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1. 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