{"id":1222,"date":"2025-10-06T14:28:48","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T12:28:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/lesson\/5-gut-microbiome-and-mental-health\/"},"modified":"2026-03-19T09:21:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T08:21:46","slug":"5-gut-microbiome-and-mental-health","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/www.moodbites.eu\/el\/lesson\/5-gut-microbiome-and-mental-health\/","title":{"rendered":"5. \u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-cda2a7c5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-d3a7669c\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. <br>\u0398\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2714 \u03a3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cd\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf. <br>\u2714 \u039d\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. <br>\u2714 GABA, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. <br>\u2714 \u0393\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2: \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-5476b476\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong><em>\u0393\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2;<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5-\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2: \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u00ab\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u00bb, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u2013 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1 (SCFA) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u2013 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (Mhanna et al., 2024).   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-1-color has-ast-global-color-5-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><strong><strong>\u0394\u0399\u0391\u0394\u03a1\u0391\u03a3\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0394\u03a1\u0391\u03a3\u03a4\u0397\u03a1\u0399\u039f\u03a4\u0397\u03a4\u0391<\/strong> 19<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-708\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"708\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"EXERCICE 19 -MODULE 2_GREEK\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-eaaf612a wp-block-uagb-separator--icon\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator-element\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\"><path d=\"M381.2 150.3L524.9 171.5C536.8 173.2 546.8 181.6 550.6 193.1C554.4 204.7 551.3 217.3 542.7 225.9L438.5 328.1L463.1 474.7C465.1 486.7 460.2 498.9 450.2 506C440.3 513.1 427.2 514 416.5 508.3L288.1 439.8L159.8 508.3C149 514 135.9 513.1 126 506C116.1 498.9 111.1 486.7 113.2 474.7L137.8 328.1L33.58 225.9C24.97 217.3 21.91 204.7 25.69 193.1C29.46 181.6 39.43 173.2 51.42 171.5L195 150.3L259.4 17.97C264.7 6.954 275.9-.0391 288.1-.0391C300.4-.0391 311.6 6.954 316.9 17.97L381.2 150.3z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong><em>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1;<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7, \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b6\u03ce\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (Mhanna et al., 2024).   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (FMT) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Kang et al. \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u2013 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ae\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Mhanna et al., 2024).   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-0cf7ee55 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f9dd71ba\">\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong><em>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1;<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u2013 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2:    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u00bb), <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0392\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf (Mhanna et al., 2024). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-22e15575\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (Mhanna et al., 2024).   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (Puri et al., 2023).  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-8713540e\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>5.1.  <strong>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2;<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f1e1d145 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-2f8490a3\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u2013 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (Puri et al., 2023). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03be\u03cd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf (Chen et al., 2021).     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-ac39f61d\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039f\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> \u2013 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 (\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd (Puri et al., 2023). \u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 1 (TPH1) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (Chen et al., 2021).   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-20e92d37\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 <\/strong>\u2013 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Puri et al., 2023). \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (LPS), \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (Chen et al., 2021).  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-c05f66c9\">\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u2013 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2: <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0397 \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u2013 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb \u2013 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 90% \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf (Puri et al., 2023). \u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 Clostridia \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (Chen et al., 2021).  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u039d\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u2013 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 (Puri et al., 2023). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 Staphylococcus \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf L-DOPA \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 (Chen et al., 2021).  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GABA \u2013 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Puri et al., 2023). \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 Bifidobacterium, Parabacteroides \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Eubacterium (Chen et al., 2021).  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 (Puri et al., 2023). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-1-color has-ast-global-color-5-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><strong><strong>\u0394\u0399\u0391\u0394\u03a1\u0391\u03a3\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0394\u03a1\u0391\u03a3\u03a4\u0397\u03a1\u0399\u039f\u03a4\u0397\u03a4\u0391<\/strong> 20<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-709\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"709\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"EXERCISE 20- MODULE 2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-52244dbd wp-block-uagb-separator--icon\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator-element\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\"><path d=\"M381.2 150.3L524.9 171.5C536.8 173.2 546.8 181.6 550.6 193.1C554.4 204.7 551.3 217.3 542.7 225.9L438.5 328.1L463.1 474.7C465.1 486.7 460.2 498.9 450.2 506C440.3 513.1 427.2 514 416.5 508.3L288.1 439.8L159.8 508.3C149 514 135.9 513.1 126 506C116.1 498.9 111.1 486.7 113.2 474.7L137.8 328.1L33.58 225.9C24.97 217.3 21.91 204.7 25.69 193.1C29.46 181.6 39.43 173.2 51.42 171.5L195 150.3L259.4 17.97C264.7 6.954 275.9-.0391 288.1-.0391C300.4-.0391 311.6 6.954 316.9 17.97L381.2 150.3z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>5.2.  <strong><strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u2013 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 (\u03c0.\u03c7. <em>Lactobacillus<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <em>Bifidobacterium<\/em>) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf <em>Bacillus<\/em> \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 <em>Clostridium sporogenes<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <em>Ruminococcus gnavus<\/em>, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (Chen et al., 2021).   <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u2013 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1 (SCFA), \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03be\u03cd, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae, \u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03cc (Chen et al., 2021).  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7. \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 GABA \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b1 <em>Bifidobacterium<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <em>Lactobacillus<\/em> \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd GABA, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 (Chen et al., 2021).  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u2013 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf <em>Bacteroides fragilis<\/em>, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 GABA\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf (Chen et al., 2021).  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-d8ba5f16 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>5.3. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-749d7908\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-2ba334c0\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-02c2c9f2\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ae \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1. <br>\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c7\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (Mhanna et al., 2024). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>: \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2. \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Mhanna et al. (2024).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-ast-global-color-7-background-color has-background has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"border-width:2px\"><thead><tr><th> \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae <\/th><th>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf <\/th><th>\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 <\/th><th>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 <\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u03a3\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 <\/td><td><em>Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus fermentum, Cronobacter sakazakii, Alkaliphilus oremlandii<\/em> <\/td><td><em>Ruminococcus, Roseburia<\/em> <\/td><td>\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (\u03c0.\u03c7. GABA, \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7), \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae, \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 <\/td><td><em>Bacteroides, Alistipes, Oscillibacter<\/em> <\/td><td><em>Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium<\/em> <\/td><td>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 SCFA, \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 <\/td><td><em>Escherichia\/Shigella, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides<\/em> <\/td><td><em>Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae<\/em> <\/td><td>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (\u03c0.\u03c7. GABA), \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-ast-global-color-7-background-color has-background has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"border-width:2px\"><thead><tr><th>\u0398\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2&#8230; <\/th><th>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc <\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u03a5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf = \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2. <\/td><td>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf GABA, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2. <\/td><td>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2. <\/td><td>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03af\u03c1, \u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (\u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2) \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac. <\/td><td>\u0397 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5. <\/td><td>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9. <\/td><td>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-1-color has-ast-global-color-5-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><strong><strong>\u0394\u0399\u0391\u0394\u03a1\u0391\u03a3\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0394\u03a1\u0391\u03a3\u03a4\u0397\u03a1\u0399\u039f\u03a4\u0397\u03a4\u0391<\/strong> 21<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-710\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"710\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"EXERCICE 21-Q1-MODULE 2_GREEK\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-159acdd6 wp-block-uagb-separator--icon\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator-element\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\"><path d=\"M381.2 150.3L524.9 171.5C536.8 173.2 546.8 181.6 550.6 193.1C554.4 204.7 551.3 217.3 542.7 225.9L438.5 328.1L463.1 474.7C465.1 486.7 460.2 498.9 450.2 506C440.3 513.1 427.2 514 416.5 508.3L288.1 439.8L159.8 508.3C149 514 135.9 513.1 126 506C116.1 498.9 111.1 486.7 113.2 474.7L137.8 328.1L33.58 225.9C24.97 217.3 21.91 204.7 25.69 193.1C29.46 181.6 39.43 173.2 51.42 171.5L195 150.3L259.4 17.97C264.7 6.954 275.9-.0391 288.1-.0391C300.4-.0391 311.6 6.954 316.9 17.97L381.2 150.3z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-711\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"711\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"EXERCICE -21 Q2-MODULE 2_GREEK\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-c90f9ebf wp-block-uagb-separator--icon\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator-element\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\"><path d=\"M381.2 150.3L524.9 171.5C536.8 173.2 546.8 181.6 550.6 193.1C554.4 204.7 551.3 217.3 542.7 225.9L438.5 328.1L463.1 474.7C465.1 486.7 460.2 498.9 450.2 506C440.3 513.1 427.2 514 416.5 508.3L288.1 439.8L159.8 508.3C149 514 135.9 513.1 126 506C116.1 498.9 111.1 486.7 113.2 474.7L137.8 328.1L33.58 225.9C24.97 217.3 21.91 204.7 25.69 193.1C29.46 181.6 39.43 173.2 51.42 171.5L195 150.3L259.4 17.97C264.7 6.954 275.9-.0391 288.1-.0391C300.4-.0391 311.6 6.954 316.9 17.97L381.2 150.3z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-712\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"712\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"EXERCICE 21-Q3-MODULE 2_GREEK\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-35a013d0 wp-block-uagb-separator--icon\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator-element\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\"><path d=\"M381.2 150.3L524.9 171.5C536.8 173.2 546.8 181.6 550.6 193.1C554.4 204.7 551.3 217.3 542.7 225.9L438.5 328.1L463.1 474.7C465.1 486.7 460.2 498.9 450.2 506C440.3 513.1 427.2 514 416.5 508.3L288.1 439.8L159.8 508.3C149 514 135.9 513.1 126 506C116.1 498.9 111.1 486.7 113.2 474.7L137.8 328.1L33.58 225.9C24.97 217.3 21.91 204.7 25.69 193.1C29.46 181.6 39.43 173.2 51.42 171.5L195 150.3L259.4 17.97C264.7 6.954 275.9-.0391 288.1-.0391C300.4-.0391 311.6 6.954 316.9 17.97L381.2 150.3z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-713\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"713\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"EXERCICE 21-Q4-MODULE 2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator uagb-block-ba4da571 wp-block-uagb-separator--icon\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator__inner\" style=\"--my-background-image:\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-separator-element\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\"><path d=\"M381.2 150.3L524.9 171.5C536.8 173.2 546.8 181.6 550.6 193.1C554.4 204.7 551.3 217.3 542.7 225.9L438.5 328.1L463.1 474.7C465.1 486.7 460.2 498.9 450.2 506C440.3 513.1 427.2 514 416.5 508.3L288.1 439.8L159.8 508.3C149 514 135.9 513.1 126 506C116.1 498.9 111.1 486.7 113.2 474.7L137.8 328.1L33.58 225.9C24.97 217.3 21.91 204.7 25.69 193.1C29.46 181.6 39.43 173.2 51.42 171.5L195 150.3L259.4 17.97C264.7 6.954 275.9-.0391 288.1-.0391C300.4-.0391 311.6 6.954 316.9 17.97L381.2 150.3z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e4493e;font-size:28px\"><strong>5.4.  <strong><strong><strong>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf;<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u038c,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.  <strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-0c657298 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-4c748184\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf: <\/strong><br>\u2705 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2) \u2013 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. <br>\u2705 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03af\u03c1, \u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1) \u2013 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c9\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf. <br>\u2705 \u03a0\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9, \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2) \u2013 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. <br>\u2705 \u03a9\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1-3 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1 (\u03c8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9) \u2013 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f0c77fdb\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0391\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf (\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2): <\/strong><br>\ud83d\udeab \u0391\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae. <br>\ud83d\udeab \u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u2013 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2. <br>\ud83d\udeab \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cc\u03bb \u2013 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 (Puri et al., 2023). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf = \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2! <\/strong><br>\u039f \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5-\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. <br>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ae \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-background has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#e9f3d9;border-width:2px\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong>  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Briguglio, M., Dell\u2019Osso, B., Panzica, G., Malgaroli, A., Banfi, G., Zanaboni Dina, C., Galentino, R., &amp; Porta, M. (2018). Dietary neurotransmitters: A narrative review on current knowledge. Nutrients, 10(5), 591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10050591 Mhanna, A., Martini, N., Hmaydoosh, G., Hamwi, G., Jarjanazi, M., Zaifah, G., Kazzazo, R., Haji Mohamad, A., &amp; Alshehabi, Z. (2024). The correlation between gut microbiome and both neurotransmitters and mental disorders: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore), 103(5), e37114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000037114 Puri, S., Shaheen, M., &amp; Grover, B. (2023). Nutrition and cognitive health: A life course approach. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1023907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1023907 World Health Organization.          (2019). Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization.  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"sensei-block-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-sensei-lms-lesson-actions\"><div class=\"sensei-buttons-container\">\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p 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